{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:17:31Z","timestamp":1780409851985,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to identify and compare medication profiles in populations with polypharmacy between 2005 and 2015. We conducted a cross-sectional study using information from the Computerized Database for Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Primary Care (BIFAP, Spain). We estimated the prevalence of therapeutic subgroups in all individuals 15 years of age and older with polypharmacy (\u22655 drugs during \u22656 months) using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system level 4, by sex and age group, for both calendar years. The most prescribed drugs were proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), statins, antiplatelet agents, benzodiazepine derivatives, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The greatest increases between 2005 and 2015 were observed in PPIs, statins, other antidepressants, and \u03b2-blockers, while the prevalence of antiepileptics was almost tripled. We observed increases in psychotropic drugs in women and cardiovascular medications in men. By patient\u00b4s age groups, there were notable increases in antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiepileptics (15\u201344 years); antidepressants, PPIs, and selective \u03b2-blockers (45\u201364 years); selective \u03b2-blockers, biguanides, PPIs, and statins (65\u201379 years); and in statins, selective \u03b2-blockers, and PPIs (80 years and older). Our results revealed important increases in the use of specific therapeutic subgroups, like PPIs, statins, and psychotropic drugs, highlighting opportunities to design and implement strategies to analyze such prescriptions\u2019 appropriateness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T10:30:41Z","timestamp":1619692241000},"page":"4754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Drug Prescription Profiles in Patients with Polypharmacy in Spain: A Large-Scale Pharmacoepidemiologic Study Using Real-World Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n del Servicio Canario de la Salud, Plan de Salud de Canarias, ES-38004 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermengol","family":"Sempere-Verd\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Salud de Paterna, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut P\u00fablica, Generalitat Valenciana, ES-46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Vicens-Caldentey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Salud Son Serra-La Vileta, Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares Ib-salut, ES-07013 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanitaria Illes Balears (IDISBA), Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares Ib-salut, ES-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Salud Delicias Sur, Servicio Aragon\u00e9s de Salud, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"EpiChron Research Group on Chronic Diseases, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Miguel-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, ES-28014 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1804-0436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Palop-Larrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital de Denia. Marina Salud, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut P\u00fablica, Generalitat Valenciana, ES-03700 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Orueta-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Salud de Siller\u00eda, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, ES-45001 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Esteban-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Salud de S\u00e1daba, Servicio Aragon\u00e9s de Salud, ES-50670 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Sempere-Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Salud de Sueca, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut P\u00fablica, Generalitat Valenciana, ES-46410 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"Arroyo-Ani\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Salud de Huarte, Servicio Navarro de Salud, ES-31620 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buenaventura","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-San Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Salud de Canalejas, Servicio Canario de la Salud, ES-35004 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1780-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"de Juan-Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda y Pediatr\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, ES-29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6518-749X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignatios","family":"Ioakeim-Skoufa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"EpiChron Research Group on Chronic Diseases, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Vaksinasjonssenter BSN, Bydel S\u00f8ndre Nordstrand, Oslo kommune, NO-1252 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2017). 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