{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:06:36Z","timestamp":1773039996029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018822","name":"Western Sydney University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JI was supported by a student summer Research Scholarship from Western Sydney University and the Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JI was supported by a student summer Research Scholarship from Western Sydney University and the Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LMB was supported by NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship #1078477 and NHMRC Investigator Grant #1194698."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMB was supported by NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship #1078477 and NHMRC Investigator Grant #1194698."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To test the feasibility of benchmarking the care of women with pregnancies complicated by hyperglycaemia. Methods: A retrospective audit of volunteer diabetes services in Australia and New Zealand involving singleton pregnancies resulting in live births between 2014 and 2020. Ranges are shown and compared across services. Results: The audit included 10,144 pregnancies (gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) = 8696; type 1 diabetes (T1D) = 435; type 2 diabetes (T2D) = 1013) from 11 diabetes services. Among women with GDM, diet alone was used in 39.4% (ranging among centres from 28.8\u201357.3%), metformin alone in 18.8% (0.4\u201343.7%), and metformin and insulin in 10.1% (1.5\u201323.4%); when compared between sites, all p &lt; 0.001. Birth was by elective caesarean in 12.1% (3.6\u201323.7%) or emergency caesarean in 9.5% (3.5\u201321.2%) (all p &lt; 0.001). Preterm births (&lt;37 weeks) ranged from 3.7% to 9.4% (p &lt; 0.05), large for gestational age 10.3\u201326.7% (p &lt; 0.001), admission to special care nursery 16.7\u201325.0% (p &lt; 0.001), and neonatal hypoglycaemia (&lt;2.6 mmol\/L) 6.0\u201327.0% (p &lt; 0.001). Many women with T1D and T2D had limited pregnancy planning including first trimester hyperglycaemia (HbA1c &gt; 6.5% (48 mmol\/mol)), 78.4% and 54.6%, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Management of maternal hyperglycaemia and pregnancy outcomes varied significantly. The maintenance and extension of this benchmarking service provides opportunities to identify policy and clinical approaches to improve pregnancy outcomes among women with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T11:06:01Z","timestamp":1620212761000},"page":"4899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The ADIPS Pilot National Diabetes in Pregnancy Benchmarking Programme"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jincy","family":"Immanuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, 2560 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Flack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, 2560 Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, 2200 Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 2170 Liverpool, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent W","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 2170 Liverpool, Australia"},{"name":"Diabetes and Endocrinology Service, Liverpool Hospital, 2170 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8431-1142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, 2560 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Eagleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Auckland City Hospital, 1023 Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, University of Western Australia, 6008 Subiaco, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Lagstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nathalia Cobram Numurkah Health, 3636 Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Wolmarans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Service, Waikato Hospital, 3204 Hamilton, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, 2500 Wollongong, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngai Wah","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, 2145 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suja","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, 2145 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6597-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Rudland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, 2145 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glynis","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 2050 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, 2500 Wollongong, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Maple-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, 0810 Darwin, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Royal Darwin Hospital, 0810 Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Fulcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liverpool Hospital, 2170 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Chemmanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 5006 Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6964-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Canberra Hospital, 2605 Garran, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, Australian National University, 2605 Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy J N","family":"Oats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 3053 Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianne","family":"Sweeting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 2050 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, 2560 Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Macarthur Diabetes Service, Campbelltown Hospital, 2560 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuen, L., Saeedi, P., Riaz, M., Kururanga, S., Divakar, H., Levitt, N., Xilin, Y., and Simmons, D. 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