{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:03:41Z","timestamp":1783422221204,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17H06151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17H06151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread globally. While social distancing has attracted attention as a measure to prevent the spread of infection, some occupations find it difficult to implement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between work characteristics and social distancing using data available on O*NET, an occupational information site. A total of eight factors were extracted by performing an exploratory factor analysis: work conditions, supervisory work, information processing, response to aggression, specialization, autonomy, interaction outside the organization, and interdependence. A multiple regression analysis showed that interdependence, response to aggression, and interaction outside the organization, which are categorized as \u201dsocial characteristics,\u201d and information processing and specialization, which are categorized as \u201cknowledge characteristics,\u201d were associated with physical proximity. Furthermore, we added customer, which represents contact with the customer, and remote working, which represents a small amount of outdoor activity, to our multiple regression model, and confirmed that they increased the explanatory power of the model. This suggests that those who work under interdependence, face aggression, and engage in outside activities, and\/or have frequent contact with customers, little interaction outside the organization, and little information processing will have the most difficulty in maintaining social distancing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T11:30:16Z","timestamp":1620732616000},"page":"5074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Impact of Work Characteristics on Social Distancing: Implications at the Time of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7440-5049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Kokubun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Economic Research Institute, Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry, Tokyo 105-0011, Japan"},{"name":"Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"},{"name":"Office for Academic and Industrial Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Brain Impact, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University & Medicine (2021, April 07). 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