{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T23:30:25Z","timestamp":1794007825482,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Black youth and their families living in urban settings may experience unique stressors that contribute to underlying issues due to the environmental context. Such factors may exacerbate and promote drug use and engagement in risky sexual behaviors, unknowingly. Little is known about how family factors, peer pressure, condom use, and other related factors are associated with substance use and engaging in sexual behaviors while on drugs among urban African American youth aged 12\u201322 (N = 638). We used regression models to examine associations between parental bonding, parent\u2013adolescent sexual health communication, condom use, peer pressure on substance use, and having sex while on drugs. Multivariate results indicated that parental bonding was statistically significant and associated with drug use (OR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.36). Our study highlights that parental bonding plays a critical role in youth using drugs while living in urban environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T11:10:06Z","timestamp":1620904206000},"page":"5170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Associations between Parent\u2013Child Communication on Sexual Health and Drug Use and Use of Drugs during Sex among Urban Black Youth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9952-3116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donte T.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA) at Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ijeoma","family":"Opara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA) at Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0876-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille R.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1059-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernadine","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2403-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Raquel","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin T.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.10.1238","article-title":"Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000","volume":"291","author":"Mokdad","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1362-4","article-title":"Intersections of poverty, race\/ethnicity, and sex: Alcohol consumption and adverse outcomes in the United States","volume":"52","author":"Glass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. 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