{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:28:09Z","timestamp":1791455289038,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article aims to reflect on the challenges affecting people experiencing homelessness in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, due the COVID-19 pandemic. Participatory research was carried out to identify data related to sociodemographic profile; strategies for survival; health and social care support; and access to services during the pandemic. The research methodology was co-designed with NGOs and people with lived experience of homelessness and involved conducting semi-structured questionnaires with 304 participants in 2020. The results highlighted the worsening of the situation of extreme vulnerability and poverty already experienced by this population before the pandemic. Key strategies led by Third Sector organizations to reduce the spread of the virus, to minimize the financial impact of lockdown, and to increase emotional support and information on COVID-19 were presented. The conclusions show the complexity of issues affecting these groups and the need for urgent response from public policies and Government support to guarantee their rights, dignity, and respect during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T23:58:05Z","timestamp":1621814285000},"page":"5545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Health and Social Care Inequalities: The Impact of COVID-19 on People Experiencing Homelessness in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2208-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilza Rog\u00e9ria de Andrade","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Work Department, Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Marqu\u00eas de S\u00e3o Vicente Street, 225, Rio de Janeiro 22451-041, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee DD1 4 HN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna Bueno","family":"Cinacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Work School, Campus do Gragoat\u00e1, Federal Fluminense University, Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis Street, Bloco E, Niter\u00f3i 24210-201, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brasil (2021, March 24). 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