{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:34:00Z","timestamp":1777592040588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF- 2020R1A2C1014798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF- 2020R1A2C1014798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAFRA 316027-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAFRA 316027-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAFRA 119110-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAFRA 119110-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the effects of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) extract in obesity and abnormal lipid metabolism in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). Fruit, root, stem, and leaf extracts of M. charantia were obtained using distilled water, 70% ethanol and 95% hexane. M. charantia leaf distilled water extract (MCLW) showed the highest antioxidant activity in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity tests and reducing power. Metabolite profiles of M. charantia leaf extracts were analyzed for identification of bioactive compounds. HFD-fed mice were treated with MCLW (oral dose of 200 mg\/kg\/d) for 4 weeks. MCLW reduced lipid accumulation, body weight, organ weight, and adipose tissue volume and significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in HFD mice. Furthermore, MCLW administration reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with HFD mice. Moreover, MCLW significantly reduced the levels of serum urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase; alleviated liver and kidney injury. MCLW decreases expression of genes that fatty acid synthesis; increase the expression of catabolic-related genes. These results indicate that MCLW has an inhibitory effect on obese induced by high fat diet intake, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, suggesting that MCLW may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T12:38:01Z","timestamp":1621859881000},"page":"5584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Metabolite Profiling of Momordica charantia Leaf and the Anti-Obesity Effect through Regulating Lipid Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-9462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiqi","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-In","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Bae","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea"},{"name":"Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bio-Science and Food Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130600, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6679-4101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirae","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0793-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Ho","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bokyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea"},{"name":"Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea"},{"name":"Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Burden of Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study","volume":"63","author":"Mokdad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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