{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T10:53:07Z","timestamp":1768647187595,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2013, in a bid to combat Vaccine Hesitancy (VH) and provide information on vaccines by communicating with the general public and the health community (e.g., healthcare workers and public health operators), the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (S.It.I.) published the national website \u201cVaccinarS\u00ec\u201d. The project was subsequently extended to ten Italian Regions. This led to the creation of the VaccinarS\u00ec Network, whose websites are publicly owned. The aim of this work was to present the framework of the websites of the VaccinarS\u00ec Network and to analyse user behaviour in the pre-COVID-19-era (dating from each website\u2019s publication until 31 January 2020) and in the COVID-19-era (from 1 February 2020 to 31 January 2021). Some metrics such as the number of visits to the site (sessions, number of users and average session duration), user behaviour (pages viewed, bounce rate and organic search) and the session acquisition path (direct traffic, referrals and social traffic) were searched, extrapolated and processed with Google Analytics. Qualitative and normally distributed quantitative variables were summarised with their absolute (relative) frequencies and means. Statistical differences between the means of the two periods were evaluated through paired t-test. A two-tailed p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. When the total values recorded over the period were compared, an overall increase in metrics was observed\u2014the number of individual users, visits and individual pageviews rose in a statistically significant way. Our study aimed to highlight how combining disciplines such as health education and digital communication via Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) represents the best strategy to support citizens. This approach gives them the tools to become independent and responsible players that are capable of voluntarily and consciously choosing to adhere to vaccination programs. The VaccinarS\u00ec Network\u2019s goal for the future is to reach an even wider audience. By building each user\u2019s critical knowledge, this network enables users to be active components of a wider, more empowered community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T13:14:21Z","timestamp":1621948461000},"page":"5642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Health Communication in COVID-19 Era: Experiences from the Italian VaccinarS\u00ec Network Websites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9257-1422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Arghittu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-2067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Dettori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1151-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Deiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Health Unit Marche, Prevention Department, Hygiene and Public Health Service, 60044 Fabriano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6013-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Bechini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6509-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Trento, Autonomous Province of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9695-7549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Boccalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2875-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Bonanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Cinquetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority 1 Dolomiti, 32100 Belluno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5645-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Chiesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1043-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Chironna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3397-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, Section of Hygiene, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Trento, Autonomous Province of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fiacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Health Unit Marche, Prevention Department, Hygiene and Public Health Service, 60044 Fabriano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8463-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Icardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Poscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC ISP Prevention and Surveillance of Infectious and Chronic Diseases, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority (ASUR-AV2), 60035 Jesi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Directorate of Prevention, Food Safety, Veterinary Public Health, Regione del Veneto, 30123 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Siddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministero della Salute, Ufficio V Prevenzione delle Malattie Trasmissibili e Profilassi Internazionale, 00144 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Spadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Vaccinations, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Roma1, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Sticchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Triassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties \u201cG. 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