{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:36:03Z","timestamp":1793500563990,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the frequent concomitance between depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), it is important to evaluate the change of depression in patients with GERD, especially considering the presence of esophageal mucosal breaks (MB). This study aimed to examine the change in the levels of depression in patients with GERD during proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) therapy. We designed a prospective cohort study to explore the profile of the alteration in depression with respect to the impact of esophageal MB. This study recruited 172 eligible patients with GERD between February 2016 and May 2018. The change in depression was defined as the difference between the respective Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) scores obtained at baseline and after PPI therapy. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the factors associated with the change in depression. The results revealed statistically significant improvements in the TDQ score (mean score: baseline = 13.2, after PPI therapy = 10.9, p &lt; 0.01, Cohen\u2019s d = 0.30) during PPI therapy for GERD. Moreover, the MB was an independent variable associated with changes in the TDQ score [B = 3.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.12, 5.51), p &lt; 0.01] and the improvement in depression [odds ratio = 0.38, 95% CI: (0.17, 0.86), p = 0.02]. Our findings revealed that depressive symptoms improved slightly following PPI therapy. Moreover, MB was an unfavorable prognostic factor for the improvement in depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T10:38:39Z","timestamp":1622630319000},"page":"5964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Profile of the Change in Depression during Proton-Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Influence of the Mucosal Break"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3938-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Liang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuli Branch, Hualien 981002, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9084-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Hui","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.051821","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Dent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304269","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Sweet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510015610","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: A population-based study in South China","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand. 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