{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:10:19Z","timestamp":1790784619353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["MOST 99-2314-B-010-018-MY3;MOST 100-2314-B-010-018-MY3; MOST 102-2314-B-010-031-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 99-2314-B-010-018-MY3;MOST 100-2314-B-010-018-MY3; MOST 102-2314-B-010-031-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may increase the risk of abnormal birth outcomes, and DNA methylation might mediate these adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal BPA exposure on maternal and fetal DNA methylation levels and explore whether epigenetic changes are related to the associations between BPA and low birth weight. We collected urine and blood samples originating from 162 mother-infant pairs in a Taiwanese cohort study. We measured DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip in 34 maternal blood samples with high and low BPA levels based on the 75th percentile level (9.5 \u03bcg\/g creatinine). Eighty-seven CpGs with the most differentially methylated probes possibly interacting with BPA exposure or birth weight were selected using two multiple regression models. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was utilized to narrow down 18 candidate CpGs related to disease categories, including developmental disorders, skeletal and muscular disorders, skeletal and muscular system development, metabolic diseases, and lipid metabolism. We then validated these genes by pyrosequencing, and 8 CpGs met the primer design score requirements in 82 cord blood samples. The associations among low birth weight, BPA exposure, and DNA methylation were analyzed. Exposure to BPA was associated with low birth weight. Analysis of the epigenome-wide findings did not show significant associations between BPA and DNA methylation in cord blood of the 8 CpGs. However, the adjusted odds ratio for the dehydrogenase\/reductase member 9 (DHRS9) gene, at the 2nd CG site, in the hypermethylated group was significantly associated with low birth weight. These results support a role of BPA, and possibly DHRS9 methylation, in fetal growth. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18116144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"6144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prenatal Bisphenol a Exposure, DNA Methylation, and Low Birth Weight: A Pilot Study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yu-Fang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Chemical Hazards and Environmental Health Risk Research, National United University, Miaoli 360, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Huang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6207-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Hsuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-An","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chian-Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Yun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno Genomics Co., Ltd., Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Song","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Lien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708473","article-title":"Effect of In Utero and Early-Life Conditions on Adult Health and Disease","volume":"359","author":"Gluckman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. 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