{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:05:40Z","timestamp":1778011540240,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is increasing evidence that indoor air quality and contaminated surfaces provide an important potential source for transmission of pathogens in hospitals. Airborne hospital microorganisms are apparently harmless to healthy people. Nevertheless, healthcare settings are characterized by different environmental critical conditions and high infective risk, mainly due to the compromised immunologic conditions of the patients that make them more vulnerable to infections. Thus, spread, survival and persistence of microbial communities are important factors in hospital environments affecting health of inpatients as well as of medical and nursing staff. In this paper, airborne and aerosolized microorganisms and their presence in hospital environments are taken into consideration, and the factors that collectively contribute to defining the infection risk in these facilities are illustrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T04:22:22Z","timestamp":1623212542000},"page":"6226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Microbial Air Quality in Healthcare Facilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8395-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Bonadonna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Briancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Coccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0817-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Meloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina La","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umberto","family":"Moscato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Section of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Update on bacterial nosocomial infections","volume":"16","author":"Bereket","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000316","article-title":"Concurrent detection of bacterial pathogens in hospital roommates","volume":"68","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.7175\/rhc.v7i1.1226","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: Current issues and future strategies","volume":"7","author":"Scarafile","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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