{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:13:27Z","timestamp":1782436407298,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Scientific Committee of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition (PDM-2) and the Interdisciplinary Council on Developmental and Learning Disorders","award":["Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual 2 Research Grant Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual 2 Research Grant Award"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite increasing research confirming the existence of childhood personalities, which are recognizable from a developmental perspective, controversies over the possibility to assess personality in childhood have continued. The purpose of this study was to provide initial data on the validation of the Childhood Personality Assessment Q-Sort (CPAP-Q), a clinician report instrument that can be employed to evaluate children\u2019s personalities and address the gap in the field of emerging personality in children classification. Method: A sample of 135 clinicians completed the CPAP-Q to assess the personality features of 135 children (ages 4\u201311) who had been in their care between two and 12 months. The clinicians completed a clinical questionnaire to collect information on them, the children, and their families, as well as the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), to evaluate the children\u2019s behavioral problems and social competencies. Results: Q-factor analysis identified seven specific emerging personality patterns: psychological health, borderline\/impulsive, borderline\/dysregulated, schizoid, inhibited\/self-critical, obsessive, and dysphoric\/dependent. These patterns revealed good levels of validity and reliability. Conclusions: These findings are preliminary, but seem to support the possibility of evaluating emerging personality patterns in childhood and their developmental pathways that may lead to personality disorders in adolescence and adulthood. The CPAP-Q promises to significantly contribute to less explored research areas and encourage systematic studies of children assessment, promoting best practices for individualized diagnoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T13:31:39Z","timestamp":1623331899000},"page":"6288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Childhood Personality Assessment Q-Sort (CPAP-Q): A Clinically and Empirically Procedure for Assessing Traits and Emerging Patterns of Personality in Childhood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5543-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandro","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, \u201cSapienza\u201d, University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Tanzilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, \u201cSapienza\u201d, University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1298-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Lingiardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, \u201cSapienza\u201d, University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8988-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Speranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, \u201cSapienza\u201d, University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913","article-title":"Personality development: Stability and change","volume":"56","author":"Caspi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. 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