{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:37:13Z","timestamp":1791689833573,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although the poor health of people experiencing homelessness is increasingly recognised in health discourse, there is a dearth of research that has quantified the nature and magnitude of chronic health issues and morbidity among people experiencing homelessness, particularly in the Australian context. Methods: Analysis of the medical records of 2068 \u201cactive\u201d patients registered with a specialist homeless health service in Perth, Western Australia as of 31 December 2019. Results: Overall, 67.8% of patients had at least one chronic physical health condition, 67.5% had at least one mental health condition, and 61.6% had at least one alcohol or other drug (AOD) use disorder. Nearly half (47.8%) had a dual diagnosis of mental health and AOD use issues, and over a third (38.1%) were tri-morbid (mental health, AOD and physical health condition). Three-quarters (74.9%) were multimorbid or had at least two long-term conditions (LTCs), and on average, each patient had 3.3 LTCs. Conclusions: The study findings have substantial implications from both a health risk and healthcare treatment perspective for people experiencing homeless. The pervasiveness of preventable health conditions among people experiencing homelessness also highlights the imperative to improve the accessibility of public health programs and screening to reduce their morbidity and premature mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T10:27:07Z","timestamp":1623839227000},"page":"6498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Multimorbidity among People Experiencing Homelessness\u2014Insights from Primary Care Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shannen","family":"Vallesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3135-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Tuson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia"},{"name":"School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homeless Healthcare, Highgate  6003, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31959-1","article-title":"What works in inclusion health: Overview of effective interventions for marginalised and excluded populations","volume":"391","author":"Luchenski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Aldridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2009.087239","article-title":"Homelessness: Patterns of emergency department use and risk factors for re-presentation","volume":"28","author":"Moore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. 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