{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:28:46Z","timestamp":1770812926832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108- 2625-M-280-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108- 2625-M-280-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can have a negative impact on patients with mood disorders. The aim of this study is to explore the societal influence of COVID-19 and associated impacts on levels of depression, sleep disturbance, and subjective pain among patients with mood disorders. This cross-sectional study recruited inpatients with depression and bipolar disorder. Levels of depression, sleep disturbance, subjective pain, and related demographic variables were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Potential factors associated with levels of depression, sleep disturbance, and subjective pain were identified using univariate linear regression and further entered into a stepwise multivariate linear regression model to identify the independent predictors. A total of 119 participants were included in the analysis, of whom 50.42% had bipolar disorder and 49.58% had unipolar depression. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher level of depression was associated with female subjects, subjects with partners, present history of psychological trauma, and drinking alcohol. Sleep disturbance was associated with subjects with partners and drinking alcohol. A higher level of subjective pain was associated with a higher level of social anxiety and a history of psychological trauma. The current study identified several predictors of psychological burden and subjective pain among inpatients with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further investigations are warranted to extend the application and generalizability of our results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1623928826000},"page":"6523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Predictors for Depression, Sleep Disturbance, and Subjective Pain among Inpatients with Depressive Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6036-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dian-Jeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91200, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7802-3489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank Huang-Chih","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Dean, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Shiu","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Vice Dean, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6728-0807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Ying","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2818-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Tsung","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Sports, Health and Leisure and Graduate Institute of Sports, Health and Leisure, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guei-Ging","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Counseling Psychology and Rehabilitation Counseling, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Che-Hun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung 80251, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joh-Jong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung 80251, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138882","article-title":"COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention","volume":"728","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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