{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:30:43Z","timestamp":1792596643183,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHMRC Fellowships, Katherine A Thurber (ref: 1156276), Raymond Lovett (ref: 1122273) and Naomi Priest (ref: 1123677), and postgraduate scholarship Roxanne Jones (ref: 1189913)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Fellowships, Katherine A Thurber (ref: 1156276), Raymond Lovett (ref: 1122273) and Naomi Priest (ref: 1123677), and postgraduate scholarship Roxanne Jones (ref: 1189913)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Discrimination is a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. However, despite the high prevalence of discrimination exposure, there is limited evidence specific to Indigenous populations on the link between discrimination and health. This study employs a validated measure to quantify experiences of everyday discrimination in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Australia\u2019s Indigenous peoples) adults surveyed from 2018 to 2020 (\u226516 years, n = 8108). It quantifies Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for wellbeing outcomes by level of discrimination exposure, and tests if associations vary by attribution of discrimination to Indigeneity. Of the participants, 41.5% reported no discrimination, 47.5% low, and 11.0% moderate-high. Discrimination was more commonly reported by younger versus older participants, females versus males, and those living in remote versus urban or regional areas. Discrimination was significantly associated in a dose-response manner, with measures of social and emotional wellbeing, culture and identity, health behaviour, and health outcomes. The strength of the association varied across outcomes, from a 10\u201320% increased prevalence for some outcomes (e.g., disconnection from culture (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14), and high blood pressure (1.20; 1.09, 1.32)), to a five-fold prevalence of alcohol dependence (4.96; 3.64, 6.76), for those with moderate-high versus no discrimination exposure. The association was of consistent strength and direction whether attributed to Indigeneity or not\u2014with three exceptions. Discrimination is associated with a broad range of poor wellbeing outcomes in this large-scale, national, diverse cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. These findings support the vast potential to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 wellbeing, and to reduce Indigenous-non-Indigenous inequities, by reducing exposure to discrimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T11:19:20Z","timestamp":1624015160000},"page":"6577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Prevalence of Everyday Discrimination and Relation with Wellbeing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Adults in Australia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5626-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Thurber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3903-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Colonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6255-4883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxanne","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Priest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Social Research and Methods, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"},{"name":"Population Health, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubijayne","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8654-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Thandrayen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Calma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poche Indigenous Health Network New South Wales, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia"},{"name":"Ninti One, Hackney, SA 5071, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8905-2135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Lovett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Mayi Kuwayu Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-073014-112305","article-title":"Is racism a fundamental cause of inequalities in health?","volume":"41","author":"Phelan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. 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