{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:57:17Z","timestamp":1789682237623,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAT2017-84228-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAT2017-84228-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work addresses the reuse of waste products as a raw material for lime putties, which are one of the components of mortar. 1:3 Lime\/sand mortars very similar to conventional construction mortars were prepared using a lime putty obtained from the treatment of phosphogypsum with sodium hydroxide. The physical, rheological and mechanical properties of this phosphogypsum-derived mortar have been studied, as well as the mineralogical composition, microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and curing process by monitoring carbonation and ultrasonic propagation velocity. Considering the negative influence of sulphates on the hardened material, the behaviour of the material after sulphates precipitation by adding barium sulphate was additionally tested. Carbonation progressed from the outside to the inside of the specimen through the porous system by Liesegang rings patterns for mortars with soluble sulphates, while the carbonation with precipitated sulphates was controlled by diffusion-precipitation. Overall, the negative influence of low-sulphate contents on the mechanical properties of mortars was verified. It must be highlighted the importance of their precipitation to obtain adequate performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T13:29:58Z","timestamp":1624282198000},"page":"6664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3708-0959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Romero-Hermida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department F\u00edsica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s\/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9483-3713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Mar\u00eda","family":"Borrero-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pro2TecS\u2014Chemical Process and Product Technology Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSI, Campus de El Carmen s\/n, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4329-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Flores-Al\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Construcciones Arquitect\u00f3nicas II, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes n\u00b04, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0942-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Alejandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Construcciones Arquitect\u00f3nicas II, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes n\u00b04, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3165-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pro2TecS\u2014Chemical Process and Product Technology Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSI, Campus de El Carmen s\/n, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de C\u00e1diz, Campus Universitario de Pto, Real, Puerto Real, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6773-5963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Esquivias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department F\u00edsica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s\/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2015.06.046","article-title":"Fractionation and fluxes of metals and radionuclides during the recycling process of phosphogypsum wastes applied to mineral CO2 sequestration","volume":"45","author":"Contreras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1021\/ie960219f","article-title":"Fundamentals of the wet-process phosphoric acid production. 2. Kinetics and mechanism of CaSO4\u201a0.5H2O Surface crystallization and coating formation","volume":"36","author":"Dorozhkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. 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