{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:46:52Z","timestamp":1785466012398,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-\u03c4), amyloid-\u03b2 peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic \u226440y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-\u03c4 is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502\u00a0urban college-educated adults, 29.3 \u00b1 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale\u2013Revised (IES-R) and pRBD symptoms using the RBD Single-Question.\u00a0Over 50% of the participants had IES-R scores \u226533 indicating probable PTSD. pRBD was identified in 22.6% of the participants across Mexico and 32.7% in MMC residents with PTSD. MMC subjects with PTSD had an OR 2.6218 [2.5348, 2.7117] of answering yes to the pRBD. PTSD and pRBD were more common in women. This study showed an association between PTSD and pRBD, strengthening the possibility of a connection with misfolded proteinopathies in young urbanites. We need to confirm the RBD diagnosis using an overnight polysomnogram. Mexican women are at high risk for stress and sleep disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T13:02:10Z","timestamp":1624366930000},"page":"6689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein and TDP-43 Pathology, Stress and Sleep Behavior Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lilian","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA"},{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2699-7438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi Philip","family":"Rajkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elijah W.","family":"Stommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Kulesza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusra","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Macomb, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Facial Plastic Surgery, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Rico-Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Orlando","family":"Flores-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Brito-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ram\u00edrez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Griselda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana A.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel C.","family":"Lu\u00e9vano-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Revueltas-Ficachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Villarreal-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Piedras Negras, Piedras Negras 26000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1655-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Partha S.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140855","article-title":"Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan","volume":"44","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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