{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T20:31:01Z","timestamp":1783197061146,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence on the effect of ambient air pollution on vitamin D is limited. This study aimed to examine the association of air pollution exposure with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) using UK Biobank health datasets. A total of 448,337 subjects were included in this analysis. Land Use Regression was applied to assess individual exposures to particulate matter with diameters \u22642.5 \u00b5m (PM2.5), \u226410 \u00b5m (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Linear regression models evaluated the associations between air pollutants and serum vitamin D levels after adjustment of a series of confounders. All analyzed air pollutants were negatively associated with serum vitamin 25OHD levels. After adjusting for potential confounders, a 10 \u03bcg\/m3 increase in concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and NO2 was associated with \u22129.11 (95%CI: \u221213.25 to \u22124.97), \u22122.47 (95%CI: \u22124.51 to \u22120.43), \u22120.56 (95%CI: \u22120.82 to \u22120.30), and \u22121.64 (95%CI: \u22122.17 to \u22121.10) nmol\/L decrease in serum vitamin 25OHD levels, respectively. Interaction analyses suggested that the effects of air pollution were more pronounced in females. In conclusion, long-term exposures to ambient PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and NO2 were associated with vitamin D status in a large UK cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T22:24:57Z","timestamp":1624832697000},"page":"6887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Ambient Air Pollutions Are Associated with Vitamin D Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chenlu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dankang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohua","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.04.007","article-title":"Vitamin D and Health\u2014The missing vitamin in humans","volume":"60","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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