{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:02:58Z","timestamp":1789207378734,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present research, the effect of two hybrid treatments, ozone followed by powdered activated carbon (PAC) or PAC followed by ozone (O3), was studied for the removal of two drugs present in water: diclofenac and carbamazepine. In the study, two initial concentrations of each of the contaminants, 0.7 mg L\u22121 and 1.8 mg L\u22121, were used. Different doses of PAC between 4\u201320 mg L\u22121 were studied as variables, as well as different doses of O3 between 0.056\u20130.280 mg L\u22121. The evolution of the concentration of each contaminant over time was evaluated. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the combined treatment with ozone followed by PAC reduces between 50% and 75% the time required to achieve 90% removal of diclofenac when compared with the time required when only activated carbon was used. In the case of carbamazepine, the time required was 97% less. For carbamazepine, to achieve reduction percentages of up to 90%, O3 treatment followed by PAC acted faster than PAC followed by O3. In the case of diclofenac, PAC treatment followed by O3 was faster to reach concentrations of up to 90%. However, to reach yields below 80%, O3 treatment followed by PAC was more efficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T22:34:36Z","timestamp":1625438076000},"page":"7163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Carbamazepine and Diclofenac Removal Double Treatment: Oxidation and Adsorption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1052-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Aldeguer Esquerdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Jos\u00e9","family":"Varo Galva\u00f1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Sentana Gadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5727-7479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Prats Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.12.002","article-title":"Occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in river water in Hong Kong","volume":"125","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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