{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:49:23Z","timestamp":1788990563272,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11190803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11190803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Proyecto Multidisciplinario UTFSM","award":["PI_M_2020_37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI_M_2020_37"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Acci\u00f3n Clim\u00e1tica PUCV","award":["ESR UCV2095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESR UCV2095"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR)2 FONDAP","award":["15110009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15110009"]}]},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Soluciones de Base Natural para Desaf\u00edos Ambientales Emergentes","award":["039.431\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["039.431\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Forest fires are one of the main environmental threats in Chile. Fires in this Mediterranean climate region frequently affect native forests and exotic plantations, including in several cases urban and rural settlements. Considering the scarcity of information regarding the fire response dynamics of tree species that are frequently affected by fires, this study aims to establish a flammability classification according to the evolution of the fire initiation risk presented by the most affected forest species in the Valpara\u00edso region. Three exotic species, Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus radiata, and Acacia dealbata, and two native species, Cryptocarya alba and Quillaja saponaria, were studied. Flammability assays indicate that E. globulus, A. dealbata, and C. alba are extremely flammable, whereas P. radiata and Q. saponaria are flammable. Furthermore, E. globulus and A. dealbata have the highest heating values while Q. saponaria has the lowest values. The extreme flammability of E. globulus, A. dealbata, and C. alba indicates a high susceptibility to ignite. Furthermore, the high heat of combustion of E. globulus and A. dealbata can be associated with a high energy release, increasing the risk of fires spreading. In contrast, Q. saponaria has the lowest predisposition to ignite and capacity to release heat. Accordingly, this work shows that all studied tree species contain organic metabolites that are potentially flammable (sesquiterpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohol esters, ketones, diterpenes, and triterpenes) and can be considered as drivers of flammability in vegetation. Finally, these preliminary results will aid in the construction of more resilient landscapes in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T22:02:04Z","timestamp":1625522524000},"page":"7191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Leaf Thermal and Chemical Properties as Natural Drivers of Plant Flammability of Native and Exotic Tree Species of the Valpara\u00edso Region, Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0157-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8196-2409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulian","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry Department, Faculty of Forestry and Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Pinar del R\u00edo, Calle Mart\u00ed 300, Pinar del R\u00edo CP 20100, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Arriagada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1719-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Avenida Brasil 2241, Valpara\u00edso 2362807, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Acci\u00f3n Clim\u00e1tica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Avenida Brasil 2950, Valpara\u00edso 2340025, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR)2, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3980-3081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lautaro","family":"Taborga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3566-1979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valpara\u00edso 2373223, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1071\/WF17026","article-title":"Human-caused fire occurrence modelling in perspective: A review","volume":"26","author":"Comas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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