{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T08:59:44Z","timestamp":1770627584517,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006701","name":"Umm Al-Qura University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["43409019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43409019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since 1994, dengue fever (DF) transmission rates have increased significantly in Saudi Arabia (KSA). Climatic, geographic, and demographic conditions make KSA especially suitable for DF\u2019s spread. Still, there are insufficient strategies for controlling the Aedes species that transmit DF virus (DENV). To develop effective management strategies, it is necessary to identify Aedes species and the ecological habitat of larvae in Makkah Al-Mokarramah, KSA. We conducted a longitudinal survey of Aedes mosquitoes in 14 localities from January 2015 to December 2015. World Health Organization (WHO) inspection kits for larvae were used to detect and sample larvae, along with pictorial keys. A total of 42,981 potential Aedes larval breeding sites were surveyed. A total of 5403 (12.6%) sites had at least one water source positive for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) mosquitoes. Among the total of 15,133 water sources surveyed within the sampled sites, 1815 (12.0%) were positive for Aedes aegypti. Aedes aegypti was the only Aedes species identified in the course of the survey. The presence of such a large immature population may indicate an imminent outbreak of DF in the near future unless proper implementation of control and elimination of Aedes\u00a0aegypti are undertaken. Additionally, the adaptation of Aedes\u00a0aegypti to the arid climate of Makkah needs further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1625827838000},"page":"7368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence of Larval Breeding Sites and Seasonal Variations of Aedes\u00a0aegypti Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Makkah Al-Mokarramah, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Elfadol Obeid Mohamed","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Omer","family":"Babalghith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adil Omer Saeed","family":"Bahathig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fawzia Hassan Suleiman","family":"Toulah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Faculty of Science, AL Faisaliah Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Turki Ghazi","family":"Bafaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vectors Control Department, Ministry of Health, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer Mohammed Yousef","family":"Al-Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vectors Control Department, Ministry of Health, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Mousa Fawaz","family":"Alhazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4306-2933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Abdel-Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Health Sciences Building 2, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2012). 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