{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:28:54Z","timestamp":1792654134049,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) is used by physical therapists as a feedback tool for measuring changes in muscle morphology during therapeutic interventions such as motor control exercises (MCE). However, a structured overview of its efficacy is lacking. We aimed to systematically review the efficacy of RUSI for improving MCE programs compared with no feedback and other feedback methods. MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched for studies evaluating efficacy data of RUSI to improve muscular morphology, quality, and\/or function of skeletal muscles and MCE success. Eleven studies analyzing RUSI feedback during MCE were included. Most studies showed acceptable methodological quality. Seven studies assessed abdominal wall muscles, one assessed pelvic floor muscles, one serratus anterior muscle, and two lumbar multifidi. Eight studies involved healthy subjects and three studies clinical populations. Eight studies assessed muscle thickness and pressure differences during MCE, two assessed the number of trials needed to successfully perform MCE, three assessed the retain success, seven assessed the muscle activity with electromyography and one assessed clinical severity outcomes. Visual RUSI feedback seems to be more effective than tactile and\/or verbal biofeedback for improving MCE performance and retention success, but no differences with pressure unit biofeedback were found.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T09:32:07Z","timestamp":1626341527000},"page":"7554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Ultrasound Imaging as a Visual Biofeedback Tool in Rehabilitation: An Updated Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3379-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Valera-Calero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Universidad Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3772-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"C\u00e1tedra Institucional en Docencia, Cl\u00ednica e Investigaci\u00f3n en Fisioterapia: Terapia Manual, Punci\u00f3n Seca y Ejercicio Terap\u00e9utico, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umut","family":"Varol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IE School of Human Sciences and Technology, IE University, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3271-5767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ortega-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"C\u00e1tedra Institucional en Docencia, Cl\u00ednica e Investigaci\u00f3n en Fisioterapia: Terapia Manual, Punci\u00f3n Seca y Ejercicio Terap\u00e9utico, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracia Mar\u00eda","family":"Gallego-Sendarrubias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Universidad Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8548-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Arias-Bur\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"C\u00e1tedra Institucional en Docencia, Cl\u00ednica e Investigaci\u00f3n en Fisioterapia: Terapia Manual, Punci\u00f3n Seca y Ejercicio Terap\u00e9utico, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"CD012004","article-title":"Motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low-back pain","volume":"8","author":"Saragiotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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