{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:21:58Z","timestamp":1770970918942,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014809","name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL01000286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL01000286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["FCH-S-21-7398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCH-S-21-7398"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Though botanical gardens are an important and widely visited component of urban green spaces (UGS) worldwide, their pollution is rarely studied. The aim of this study was to assess botanical garden soil contamination and ecotoxicity and to evaluate whether urban botanical gardens are more contaminated than urban parks. Soil assessments showed serious contamination with Cd, Pb and Zn, emitted predominantly by traffic, agrochemicals and past construction and demolition waste. The discovery of hazardous historical ecological burden in the UGS calls for the necessity of detailed surveys of such areas. Despite prevailing moderate-to-heavy contamination, the soil was only slightly ecotoxic. Maximum immobilisation inhibition of Daphnia magna reached 15%. Growth of Sinapis alba L. was predominantly stimulated (73%), and Desmodesmus subspicatus Chodat was exclusively stimulated, possibly due to soil alkalinity and fertiliser-related nutrients. The hypothesis of a higher contamination of urban botanical gardens compared to urban parks was confirmed. However, urban parks can face a greater risk of soil ecotoxicity, hypothetically due to decreased activity of soil organisms resulting from adverse soil conditions caused by active recreation. The results highlight the need for an increased focus on botanical and ornamental gardens when assessing and managing UGS as areas potentially more burdened with contamination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:16:48Z","timestamp":1626643008000},"page":"7622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessment of Soil Contamination with Potentially Toxic Elements and Soil Ecotoxicity of Botanical Garden in Brno, Czech Republic: Are Urban Botanical Gardens More Polluted Than Urban Parks?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4274-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaclav","family":"Pecina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection,  Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5237-722X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Brtnicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection,  Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4796-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Balkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1717-6187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitka","family":"Hegrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Research Centre, Lisenska 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Buckova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Research Centre, Lisenska 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5381-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tivadar","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4075-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Licbinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Research Centre, Lisenska 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3526-5944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Radziemska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-008-0149-y","article-title":"The influence of anthropogenic and natural geochemical factors on urban soil quality variability: A comparison between Glasgow, UK and Aveiro, Portugal","volume":"7","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. 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