{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:35:29Z","timestamp":1770899729256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Realm R&amp;D Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2019B030335001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B030335001"]}]},{"name":"the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2021A1515011757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011757"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Written vocabulary size plays a key role in children\u2019s reading development. We aim to study the relationship between Chinese written vocabulary size and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors in primary school students. Using stratified cluster sampling, 1162 pupils from Grade 2~5 in Guangzhou were investigated. Chinese written vocabulary size, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors were assessed by the Chinese written vocabulary size assessment scale, the dyslexia checklist for Chinese children (DCCC) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. The scores of visual word recognition deficit (\u03b2 = \u22123.32, 95% CI: \u22125.98, \u22120.66) and meaning comprehension deficit (\u03b2 = \u22126.52, 95% CI: \u22129.39, \u22123.64) were negatively associated with Chinese written vocabulary size; the score of visual word recognition deficit (odds ratio (OR) = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07) was the related factor of a delay in written vocabulary size. The score of meaning comprehension deficit was negatively associated with boys\u2019 Chinese written vocabulary size, while the score of auditory word recognition deficit was negatively associated with girls\u2019 Chinese written vocabulary size. The related factor of a delay in written vocabulary size was spelling deficit in boys and visual word recognition deficit in girls. There is a significant correlation between Chinese written vocabulary size and cognitive factors, but not emotional and behavioral factors in primary school students and these correlations are different when considering gender.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:35:31Z","timestamp":1626993331000},"page":"7797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Correlation between Chinese Written Vocabulary Size and Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Factors in Primary School Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangfeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention and Treatment for Common Disease, Guangzhou Health Promotion Center for Primary and Secondary School, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children\u2019s Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-010-9272-9","article-title":"Knowledge of words, knowledge about words: Dimensions of vocabulary in first and second language learners in sixth grade","volume":"25","author":"Kieffer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Read. Writ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/0265659011398671","article-title":"Explaining the academic achievement at school leaving for pupils with a history of language impairment: Previous academic achievement and literacy skills","volume":"27","author":"Dockrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Lang. Teach. Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01837.x","article-title":"Word recognition and cognitive profiles of Chinese pre-school children at risk for dyslexia through language delay or familial history of dyslexia","volume":"49","author":"Lam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"China MoEotPsRo (2011, December 28). Notice of the Ministry of Education on Printing and Distributing the Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education Languages (2011 Edition), Available online: http:\/\/www.moe.gov.cn\/srcsite\/A26\/s8001\/201112\/t20111228_167340.html."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430210890","article-title":"The Relationship Between Early Language Delay and Later Difficulties in Literacy","volume":"172","author":"Larney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Child Dev. Care"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"407","article-title":"Prediction of the development of reading comprehension: A longitudinal study","volume":"22","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Cogn. Psychol. Off. J. Soc. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2012.677420","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia: The difficulties of interpreting poor performance, and the importance of normal performance","volume":"29","author":"Ramus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611434536","article-title":"Common patterns of prediction of literacy development in different alphabetic orthographies","volume":"23","author":"Caravolas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615603702","article-title":"The Foundations of Literacy Development in Children at Familial Risk of Dyslexia","volume":"26","author":"Hulme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2010.01460.x","article-title":"Chinese children\u2019s character recognition: Visuo-orthographic, phonological processing and morphological skills","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Res. Read."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2020.101525","article-title":"Early vocabulary development: Relationships with prelinguistic skills and early social-emotional\/behavioral problems and competencies","volume":"62","author":"Rantalainen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infant Behav. Dev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes, N., Sciberras, E., and Goldfeld, S. (2016). Family and Community Predictors of Comorbid Language, Socioemotional and Behavior Problems at School Entry. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158802"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e365","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13219","article-title":"Vocabulary development and trajectories of behavioral and emotional difficulties via academic ability and peer problems","volume":"91","author":"Westrupp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0169)","article-title":"Early Vocabulary Delay and Behavioral\/Emotional Problems in Early Childhood: The Generation R Study","volume":"56","author":"Henrichs","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"133","article-title":"Relationship between amount of literacy and behavior problems in primary pupils","volume":"31","author":"Jing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2013.06.002","article-title":"Prediction of toddlers\u2019 expressive language from maternal sensitivity and toddlers\u2019 anger expressions: A developmental perspective","volume":"36","author":"Nozadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infant Behav. Dev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3390\/bs3040536","article-title":"Functional perspectives on emotion, behavior, and cognition","volume":"3","author":"Lench","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076358","article-title":"Emotion, cognition, and behavior","volume":"298","author":"Dolan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01454","article-title":"The Influences of Emotion on Learning and Memory","volume":"8","author":"Tyng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-016-0813-y","article-title":"Gender differences in early reading strategies: A comparison of synthetic phonics only with a mixed approach to teaching reading to 4\u20135 year-old children","volume":"45","author":"Price","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Child. Educ. J."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"552","article-title":"Difference between verbal and visual span in genders: Pilot study\/Diferenca entre span verbal e visual nos generos: Estudo piloto","volume":"15","author":"Sagrilo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista CEFAC Atualizacao Cientifica em Fonoaudiologia e Educacao"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/00131911003637006","article-title":"Investigating gender differences in reading","volume":"62","author":"Logan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2019.06.001","article-title":"Gender differences in occurrence of behavioral and emotional problems at the lower grades of elementary school: Association with developmental and behavioral characteristics at 5years","volume":"41","author":"Zen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Wang, X., and Tao, B. (1996). Chinese Character Recognition Test Battery and Assessment Scale for Primary School Children, Shanghai Education Press."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"36","article-title":"Rapid naming and orthographic processing skill in children with Chinese developmental dyslexia","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"189","article-title":"The establishment of dyslexia checklist for Chinese children","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xuexiao Weisheng"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01915","article-title":"Validity and Reliability of the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children","volume":"9","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-2-8","article-title":"The validity, reliability and normative scores of the parent, teacher and self report versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in China","volume":"2","author":"Du","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"25","article-title":"Reliability and validity of\u201d children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire\u201d in Shanghai norm","volume":"17","author":"Kou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0843-4","article-title":"Childhood trajectories of inattention-hyperactivity and academic achievement at 12 years","volume":"25","author":"Salla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/13670050.2011.571658","article-title":"Factors influencing the learning of Chinese characters","volume":"14","author":"Sung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biling. Educ. Biling."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01891","article-title":"Testing Measurement Invariance across Groups of Children with and without Attention-Deficit\/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Applications for Word Recognition and Spelling Tasks","volume":"8","author":"Lucio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312021003597","article-title":"The relationship among peer acceptance, social impact, and academic achievement in middle childhood","volume":"21","author":"Draper","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. Educ. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2013.799988","article-title":"Visual prediction in infancy: What is the association with later vocabulary?","volume":"10","author":"Ellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lang. Learn. Dev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000012","article-title":"The association between visual, nonverbal cognitive abilities and speech, phonological processing, vocabulary and reading outcomes in children with cochlear implants","volume":"35","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2016.04.008","article-title":"Bidirectional relationship between visual spatial skill and Chinese character reading in Chinese kindergartners: A cross-lagged analysis","volume":"46","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02299.x","article-title":"Early predictors of dyslexia in Chinese children: Familial history of dyslexia, language delay, and cognitive profiles","volume":"52","author":"Lam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-015-9318-2","article-title":"Is Chinese Special? Four Aspects of Chinese Literacy Acquisition that Might Distinguish Learning Chinese from Learning Alphabetic Orthographies","volume":"28","author":"McBride","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(03)00163-X","article-title":"Cognitive profiling and preliminary subtyping in Chinese developmental dyslexia","volume":"91","author":"Ho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00fc, C. (2019). Morphological Awareness, Vocabulary Knowledge, Lexical Inference, and Text Comprehension in Chinese in Grade 3. Chinese Literacy Learning in an Immersion Program, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04987-4_8"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1453","article-title":"Literacy development and influencing factors in primary school students of grade 2 to 5 in Guangzhou","volume":"40","author":"Jincai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525369","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.525369","article-title":"Contribution of Vocabulary Knowledge to Reading Comprehension Among Chinese Students: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2014.11.006","article-title":"Sex differences in academic achievement are not related to political, economic, or social equality","volume":"48","author":"Stoet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Wei, W. (2009, May 04). Gender Differences in Reading Comprehension for Chinese Secondary School Students. Available online: https:\/\/minds.wisconsin.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/1793\/34565\/WeiWei.pdf?sequence=5."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Averitt, C.H. (1981). The Interrelationships between Several Socio-Cultural Variables and Cognitive Sex Differences in Preschool Children, North Carolina State University."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Yin, J.J.-H. (2016). Chinese characters. The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.1990.10885955","article-title":"Gender Differences in Spelling Achievement in Grades 1 Through 6","volume":"83","author":"Allred","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8781","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503523102","article-title":"Reading depends on writing, in Chinese","volume":"102","author":"Tan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/03055690601068535","article-title":"Prevalence, gender ratio and gender differences in reading-related cognitive abilities among Chinese children with dyslexia in Hong Kong","volume":"33","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Educ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-008-0015-4","article-title":"The role of visual and auditory temporal processing for Chinese children with developmental dyslexia","volume":"58","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Dyslexia"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/09243453.2012.749791","article-title":"Internal and external influences on vocabulary development in preschool children","volume":"24","author":"Ebert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000492","article-title":"Language Specificity in the Relation of Maternal Education to Bilingual Children\u2019s Vocabulary Growth","volume":"54","author":"Hoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2010.02.001","article-title":"Fathers\u2019 early contributions to children\u2019s language development in families from low-income rural communities","volume":"25","author":"Pancsofar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Child. Res. Q."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00191","article-title":"Gender Differences in Visuospatial Abilities and Complex Mathematical Problem Solving","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1970.31.2.610","article-title":"Sex-linked inheritance of spatial ability","volume":"31","author":"Hartlage","year":"1970","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Ski."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9496-4","article-title":"Unpacking links between fathers\u2019 antisocial behaviors and children\u2019s behavior problems: Direct, indirect, and interactive effects","volume":"39","author":"Coley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00070","article-title":"African American fathers in low income, urban families: Development, behavior, and home environment of their three-year-old children","volume":"70","author":"Black","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12476","article-title":"Does adherence to masculine norms shape fathering behavior?","volume":"80","author":"Petts","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Lamb, M.E. (2010). How Do Fathers Influence Children\u2019s Development? Let Me Count the Ways, John Wiley & Sons Inc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1257\/mic.1.1.124","article-title":"Like father, like son: Social network externalities and parent-child correlation in behavior","volume":"1","author":"Jackson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Econ. J. Microecon."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021765114434","article-title":"Are discrepancies among child, mother, and father reports on children\u2019s behavior related to parents\u2019 psychological symptoms and aspects of parent\u2013child relationships?","volume":"31","author":"Treutler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-010-9270-y","article-title":"The ABC\u2019s of Chinese: Maternal mediation of Pinyin for Chinese children\u2019s early literacy skills","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Read. Writ."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/15\/7797\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:33:37Z","timestamp":1760164417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/15\/7797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18157797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18157797","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]}}}