{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:46:44Z","timestamp":1778219204929,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","award":["2019_A45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019_A45"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (IMAC-Mind: Improving Mental Health and Reducing Addiction in Childhood and Adolescence through Mindfulness: Mechanisms, Prevention and Treatment; 01GL1745B subproject TP1)","award":["01GL1745B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1745B"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsbund Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (no grant number, grant to Anna Eichler)","award":["no grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no grant number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the link between prenatal alcohol exposure and prenatal maternal depression with the offspring\u2019s low-grade inflammatory status. (2) Prenatal alcohol exposure was determined via maternal self-report during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (self-report+: n = 29) and the meconium alcohol metabolite Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG), collected at birth (\u226530 ng\/g: n = 23). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for prenatal maternal depressive symptoms during the 3rd trimester (\u226510: n = 35). Fifteen years later, 122 adolescents (M = 13.32 years; 48.4% female) provided blood samples for the analysis of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; M = 0.91; SD = 1.28). (3) Higher hsCRP levels were found in EtG positive adolescents (p = 0.036, \u03b7p2 = 0.04) and an inverse non-significant dose\u2013response relation with hsCRP (r = \u22120.35, p = 0.113). For maternal self-reported prenatal alcohol consumption (p = 0.780, \u03b7p2 = 0.00) and prenatal depressive symptoms (p = 0.360, \u03b7p2 = 0.01) no differences for hsCRP levels between the affected and unaffected groups were found. (4) Adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure are at risk for low-grade systemic inflammation. The EtG biomarker may be more accurate compared to self-reports. The findings suggest that prenatal maternal depression does not evoke low-grade systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T03:53:53Z","timestamp":1627358033000},"page":"7920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Prenatal Maternal Depression with Offspring Low-Grade Inflammation in Early Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8578-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janina","family":"Maschke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Roetner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"B\u00f6sl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2185-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Christine","family":"Plank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Rohleder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamme","family":"Goecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, 83022 Rosenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4885-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Fasching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8096-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Kornhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5584-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Eichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"IMAC-Mind-Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00044-4","article-title":"Pregnancy, the postpartum, and steroid hormones: Effects on cognition and mood","volume":"24","author":"Buckwalter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Changes in 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