{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:14:40Z","timestamp":1787505280270,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an adapted form of cognitive behavioural therapy. ACT focuses on how thinking affects behaviour and promotes psychological flexibility. The prevalence of psychological distress among people living with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and\/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is high, and ACT may offer an alternative treatment approach. This scoping review explored the use of ACT as an intervention to support adults living with CVD and\/or T2DM. A systematic search of the literature resulted in the inclusion of 15 studies. Studies were reviewed using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach to conducting scoping reviews. Most studies (n = 13) related to people living with T2DM, and most (n = 10) used a pre-post design, four studies were randomised controlled trials, and one was a qualitative study. Eight studies reported an improvement in the outcome(s) assessed post-intervention, suggesting that ACT was an acceptable and valid intervention to support people living with CVD or T2DM. However, studies were underpowered and only limited studies involved people living with CVD. ACT was assessed as a valuable approach to improve a range of patient-reported outcomes for those living with CVD or T2DM, and further research involving robust study designs and larger cohorts are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18158126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T21:51:07Z","timestamp":1627854667000},"page":"8126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Role of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Cardiovascular and Diabetes Healthcare: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7355-5216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amineh","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Joondalup Campus, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6207, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6395-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Joondalup Campus, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6207, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-8762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Newson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Astin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Research in Health, University of Huddersfield and Calderdale and Huddersfield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8756-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paramjit","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre A.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y. H.","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5852-1034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lis","family":"Neubeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1324-2933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantal F.","family":"Ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Care Academy, University of Suffolk, Ipswich IP4 1QJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Walthall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Joint Research Office, Second Floor, OUH Cowley, Unipart House Business Centre, Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3081-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019). 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