{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:45:29Z","timestamp":1787028329216,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI16\/01319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/01319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mixed states are highly prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder and require comprehensive scales. Considering this, the current study aims to develop a measure to assess the full spectrum of clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder. A sample of 88 patients was evaluated; the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS), and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were applied, together with the preliminary version of the Scale for the Assessment of Episodes in Bipolar Disorder (SAEBD). After analyzing the appropriateness and statistical properties of the items, discriminant analysis and analysis of diagnostic capacity were performed. The discriminant functions correctly classified 100% of the cases in euthymia, predominant depressive symptoms or mixed symptoms, as well as 92.3% of the cases with predominant manic symptoms. Overall, the functions correctly classified 98.9% of the cases. The area under the curve (0.935) showed high capacity to discriminate between clinical and non-clinical cases (i.e., in euthymia). The SAEBD sensitivity was 0.95, specificity was 0.71, the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 0.88, the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 0.87, the Positive Likelihood Ratio (+LR) was 3.33, and the Negative Likelihood Ratio (\u2212LR) was 0.07. In conclusion, the SAEBD is a promising scale that shows high reliability and validity, as well as diagnostic utility as a screening tool for use in diverse health care settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T05:22:01Z","timestamp":1628227321000},"page":"8318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment Tool of Bipolar Disorder for Primary Health Care: The SAEBD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jose Manuel","family":"Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Service, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2704-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Molins Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine of Valencia, 46013 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Loeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Service, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Belen","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protecci\u00f3n de las Personas con Discapacidad (PROTEDIS), Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Jenaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Integraci\u00f3n en la Comunidad (INICO), Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Trastorno Bipolar. 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