{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:13:49Z","timestamp":1789827229618,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41603107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41603107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41867047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41867047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Waste cement is a construction and demolition waste produced from old buildings\u2019 demolition and transformation. In recent years, the recycling of recycled concrete is limited to the use of recycled aggregate, and the research on the utilization of waste cement in waste concrete is scarce. This study explored the effective application of waste cement for the adsorption of cadmium (Cd2+) from an aqueous solution and the bioavailability and immobility of Cd2+ in soil. Results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of ordinary Portland cement(OPC) paste, fly ash cement (FAC) paste, and zeolite cement (ZEC) paste for Cd2+ were calculated to be 10.97, 9.47, 4.63 mg\u00b7g\u22121, respectively. The possible mechanisms for Cd2+ adsorption in the solution by waste cement mainly involve precipitation by forming insoluble Cd2+ compounds in alkaline conditions, and ion exchange for Cd2+ with the exchangeable calcium ions in waste cement, which were confirmed by XRD and SEM. Results from diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) implied reduction of the Cd2+ mobility. DTPA-extractable Cd2+ decreased by 52, 48 and 46%, respectively, by adding 1% OPC, FAC and ZEC. TCLP-extractable Cd2+ decreased by 89.0, 80.3, and 56.0% after 1% OPC, FAC, and ZEC treatment, respectively. BCR analyses indicate that OPC, FAC, and ZEC applications increased the percentage of Cd2+ in residual fraction and induced a high reduction in the acid-soluble Cd2+ proportion. The leaching column test further confirmed a reduction in Cd2+ mobility by waste cement treated under continuous leaching of simulated acid rain (SAR). Therefore, waste cement exhibited a significant enhancement in the immobilization of Cd2+ under simulated acid rain (SAR) leaching. In summary, the application of alkaline waste cement could substantially remove Cd2+ from wastewater and reduce Cd2+ mobility and bioavailability in contaminated soil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1629714257000},"page":"8885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Effects of Waste Cement on the Bioavailability, Mobility, and Leaching of Cadmium in Soil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xiuming","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuejun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ono, K., Yasutaka, T., Hayashi, T.I., Kamo, M., Iwasaki, Y., Nakamori, T., Fujii, Y., and Kamitani., T. 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