{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:54:44Z","timestamp":1791568484912,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Research and instrument Management","award":["GP-2019-K013053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GP-2019-K013053"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Primary care clinicians in Asia employed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to aid dementia diagnosis post-stroke. Recent studies questioned their clinical utility in stroke settings for relying on verbal abilities and education level, as well as lack of consideration for aphasia and neglect. We aimed to review the clinical utility of the MMSE and MoCA for stroke patients in Asia and provide recommendations for clinical practice. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched for relevant articles. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias. RevMan 5.4 was used for data synthesis (sensitivity and specificity) and covariates were identified. Results: Among the 48 full-text articles reviewed, 11 studies were included with 3735 total subjects; of these studies, 7 (77%) were conducted in China, 3 (27%) in Singapore, and 1 (9%) in South Korea. Both the MMSE and MoCA generally showed adequate sensitivity and specificity. Education was identified as a covariate that significantly affected detection accuracy. Due to heterogeneity in cutoff scores, methodologies, and languages, it was not feasible to suggest a single cutoff score. One additional point is recommended for MoCA for patients with &lt;6 years of education. Conclusion: Clinicians in Asia are strongly recommended to consider the education level of stroke patients when interpreting the results of the MMSE and MoCA. Further studies in other Asian countries are needed to understand their clinical value in stroke settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18178962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:19:26Z","timestamp":1629937166000},"page":"8962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Current Update on the Clinical Utility of MMSE and MoCA for Stroke Patients in Asia: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Khaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2361-4780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ponnusamy","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Azah","family":"Abd Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azman","family":"Ali Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Asyraf","family":"Wan Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazli Ezzat","family":"Ghazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30442-3","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of dementia associated with transient ischaemic attack and stroke: Analysis of the population-based Oxford Vascular Study","volume":"18","author":"Pendlebury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987318825484","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of cognitive impairment no dementia in the first year post-stroke","volume":"4","author":"Sexton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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