{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:25:05Z","timestamp":1772252705277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing countries have reported lower molecular diagnostic testing levels due to a lack of resources. Therefore, antibody tests represent an alternative to detect exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and analyze possible risk factors. We aimed to describe and compare the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and the quality of food intake in Mexican individuals with a positive or negative test to antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We carried out antibody tests and applied a survey to 1799 individuals; 42% were positive, and diabetes was more prevalent in these cases (p &lt; 0.01). No differences were identified in the blood type nor influenza vaccination between groups. Coughing, respiratory distress, muscle pain, joint pain, and anosmia were the most prevalent symptoms among seropositive cases (p &lt; 0.0001). Food intake quality was similar in both groups, except for the most consumed type of fat (p = 0.006). In conclusion, this study supports the association of diabetes as a principal risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Mexican population. The results do not support previous associations between blood group or influenza vaccination as protective factors against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, frequent consumption of polyunsaturated fats is highlighted as a new possible associated factor with COVID-19, which more studies should corroborate as with all novel findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18178995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T09:27:57Z","timestamp":1629970077000},"page":"8995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["COVID-19 Screening by Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seropositivity: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Food Intake Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Macedo-Ojeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"COVID-19 Health Situation Room, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"COVID-19 Health Situation Room, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Yokogawa-Teraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID-19 Health Situation Room, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7879-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Carolina","family":"Machado-Sulbar\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Childhood and Adolescent Cancer (INICIA), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Guadalupe","family":"Loza-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Clinical Nursing, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atziri Citlally","family":"Garc\u00eda-Arredondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Clinical Nursing, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Tejeda-Constantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutional System of Safety, Health and Environment (SISSMA), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra Natali","family":"Vega-Maga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"COVID-19 Health Situation Room, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"Emerging and Reemerging Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory (LaDEER), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara,  Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Estevez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"COVID-19 Health Situation Room, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Chagoll\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"Emerging and Reemerging Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory (LaDEER), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara,  Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1804-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Sergio","family":"Zepeda-Nu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Pathology Laboratory, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8004-1811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"},{"name":"COVID-19 Health Situation Room, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, 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