{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:38:37Z","timestamp":1789101517756,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of sleep paralysis (SP) is estimated at approximately 7.6% of the world\u2019s general population. One of the strongest factors in the onset of SP is PTSD, which is often found among professional firefighters. Our study aimed to assess in the professional firefighter population (n = 831) (1) the prevalence of SP, (2) the relationship between SP and PTSD and (3) the relationship between SP and other factors: the severity of the stress felt, individual tendency to feel anxious and worried and lifestyle variables. The incidence of SP in the study group was 8.7%. The high probability of PTSD was found in 15.04% of subjects and its presence was associated with 1.86 times the odds of developing SP [OR = 1.86 (95% CI: 1.04\u20133.33); p = 0.04]. Officers who experienced at least 1 SP during their lifetime had significantly higher results in the scales: PCL-5, STAI-T, PSWQ. The number of SP episodes was positively correlated with the severity of symptoms measured by the PCL-5, PSS-10, STAI and PSWQ questionnaires. Further research is needed to assess the importance of SP among the firefighter population in the context of mental and somatic health and to specify methods of preventing SP episodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T10:24:25Z","timestamp":1631010265000},"page":"9442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sleep Paralysis among Professional Firefighters and a Possible Association with PTSD\u2014Online Survey-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Paulina","family":"Wr\u00f3bel-Knybel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-442 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Rog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-442 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baland","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9339-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Szewczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-442 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5971-795X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Karaku\u0142a-Juchnowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-442 Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-442 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2014). 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