{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T16:17:27Z","timestamp":1787415447284,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The need to rehabilitate severely compromised teeth is frequent in daily clinical practice. Tooth extraction and replacement with dental implant represents a common treatment choice. However, the survival rate for implants is inferior to teeth, even if severely damaged but properly treated. In order to reestablish a physiological supracrestal tissue attachment of damaged teeth and to arrange an efficient ferrule effect, three options can be considered: crown lengthening, orthodontic extrusion and surgical extrusion. Crown lengthening is considered an invasive technique that causes the removal of part of the bony support, while both orthodontic and surgical extrusion can avoid this inconvenience and can be used successfully in the treatment of severely damaged teeth. The aim of the present narrative review is to compare advantages, disadvantages, time of therapy required, contraindications and complications of both techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1631269894000},"page":"9530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Orthodontic Extrusion vs. Surgical Extrusion to Rehabilitate Severely Damaged Teeth: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3657-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Cordaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1339-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Staderini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferruccio","family":"Torsello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola Maria","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Turchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Cordaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2019.45.5.254","article-title":"Surgical extrusion of a maxillary premolar after orthodontic extrusion: A retrospective study","volume":"45","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Korean Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12492","article-title":"In the dental implant era, why do we still bother saving teeth?","volume":"35","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(07)60102-4","article-title":"Outcomes of root canal treatment and restoration, implant-supported single crowns, fixed partial dentures, and extraction without replacement: A systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Torabinejad","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.09.024","article-title":"Ferrule effect: A literature review","volume":"38","author":"Juloski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2002.00557.x","article-title":"The ferrule effect: A literature review","volume":"35","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.01277.x","article-title":"Interactions between the gingiva and the margin of restorations","volume":"30","author":"Padbury","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"20","article-title":"Defining biologic width in crown lengthening","volume":"5","author":"Gargiulo","year":"1995","journal-title":"CDS Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12078","article-title":"Biologic width dimensions\u2014A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"648","article-title":"Contermporary crown-lengthening therapy","volume":"140","author":"Hempton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Preprosthetic periodontal considerations. Crown length and biologic width","volume":"15","author":"Fugazzotto","year":"1984","journal-title":"Quintessence Int. Dent. Dig."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.09.028","article-title":"Atraumatic surgical extrusion to improve tooth restorability: A clinical report","volume":"115","author":"Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Lindhe, J., and Lang, N.P. (2016). Parodontologia Clinica e Implantologia Orale, Edi-ermes. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"88","article-title":"Surgical lengthening of the clinical tooth crown","volume":"8","author":"Planciunas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.4789","article-title":"Orthodontic Extrusion: Guidelines for Contemporary Clinical Practice","volume":"40","author":"Torres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"775","article-title":"Orthodontic extrusion: Periodontal considerations and applications","volume":"70","author":"Bach","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Can. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.11.1708","article-title":"Periodontal health of orthodontically extruded impacted teeth. A split-mouth, long term clinical evaluation","volume":"71","author":"Quirynen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(97)80057-X","article-title":"Reeruption and extrusion of a traumatically intruded immature permanent incisor: Case report","volume":"23","author":"Alves","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"213","article-title":"The treatment of traumatized permanent anterior teeth: Case report & literature review. Part I--Management of intruded incisors","volume":"13","author":"Jacobs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust. Orthod. J."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"393","article-title":"Orthodontic forced eruption: Case report of an alternative treatment for subgingivally fractured young permanent incisors","volume":"23","author":"Zyskind","year":"1992","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1974.45.4.199","article-title":"Forced Eruption: Part I. A Method of Treating Isolated One and Two Wall Infrabony Osseous Defects-Rationale and Case Report","volume":"45","author":"Ingber","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100127","article-title":"Periodontal Regeneration With or Without Limited Orthodontics for the Treatment of 2- or 3-Wall Infrabony Defects","volume":"81","author":"Ogihara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"179","article-title":"Case report: Forced eruption and implant site development","volume":"68","author":"Mantzikos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"217","article-title":"Orthodontic-periodontal interactions: Orthodontic extrusion in interdisciplinary regenerative treatments","volume":"16","author":"Paolone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12487","article-title":"Therapeutic alternatives for addressing pink esthetic complications in single-tooth implants: A proposal for a clinical decision tree","volume":"31","author":"Joly","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"312","article-title":"The role of orthodontic extrusive remodeling in the enhancement of soft and hard tissue profiles prior to implant placement: A systematic approach to the management of extraction site defects","volume":"13","author":"Salama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(89)90274-6","article-title":"Orthodontic extrusion of premolar teeth: An improved technique","volume":"61","author":"Nappen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2009.36.4.212","article-title":"Orthodontic extrusion: An interdisciplinary approach to patient management","volume":"36","author":"Addy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent. Update"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(67)90118-2","article-title":"Clinical and histologic observations on tooth movement during and after orthodontic treatment","volume":"53","author":"Retain","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104768","article-title":"Effects of orthodontic tooth extrusion produced by different techniques, on the periodontal tissues: A histological study in dogs","volume":"116","author":"Martins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"87","article-title":"Orthodontic extrusion with or without circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy and root planing","volume":"26","author":"Carvalho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1978.0066","article-title":"Rationale and methods for crown lengthening","volume":"96","author":"Palomo","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"42","article-title":"Extrusion techniques for the general dentist","volume":"28","author":"Lythgoe","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gen Dent."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1976.tb00069.x","article-title":"The increase with age of the width of attached gingiva","volume":"11","author":"Ainamo","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1991.tb00183.x","article-title":"Rapid orthodontic extrusion of crown root and cervical root fractured teeth","volume":"7","author":"Malmgren","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"909314","article-title":"Dental extrusion with orthodontic miniscrew anchorage: A case report describing a modified method","volume":"2015","author":"Horliana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dent."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70245-2","article-title":"Attractive magnets for orthodontic extrusion of crown-root fractured teeth","volume":"112","author":"Bondemark","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"994","article-title":"Forced eruption: A multidisciplinary approach for form, function, and biologic predictability","volume":"19","author":"Stevens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"8","article-title":"Periodontal prosthesis. Twenty-five years in retrospect","volume":"67","author":"Amsterdam","year":"1974","journal-title":"Alpha Omegan"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.08.029","article-title":"Combined orthodontic, surgical, and restorative approach to treat a complicated crown-root fracture in a maxillary central incisor","volume":"154","author":"Scholtes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"197","article-title":"Crown lengthening by orthodontic extrusion. Principles and technics","volume":"8","author":"Sabri","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Parodontol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1991.0229","article-title":"Raising The Root","volume":"122","author":"Oesterle","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2019.01.018","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and laser-aided fiberotomy in relapse tendency of rotated tooth: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Mollabashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.110637","article-title":"Short-term effects of fiberotomy on relapse of anterior crowding","volume":"118","author":"Taner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70224-5","article-title":"Forced eruption and implant site development: Soft tissue response","volume":"112","author":"Mantzikos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13396","article-title":"Clinical procedures and outcome of surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation\u2014A narrative review","volume":"53","author":"Plotino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12054","article-title":"Surgical extrusion as a treatment option for crown-root fracture in permanent anterior teeth: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5577\/intdentres.2011.vol1.no2.6","article-title":"Surgical extrusion of a complete crown fractured tooth: A case report","volume":"1","author":"Ozer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(85)80011-2","article-title":"Intraalveolar transplantation of teeth with crown-root fractures","volume":"43","author":"Kahnberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00071-4","article-title":"Intentional replantation","volume":"41","author":"Kratchman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"433","article-title":"Re-inventing intentional replantation: A modification of the technique","volume":"13","author":"Niemczyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pract. Proced. Aesthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.05.010","article-title":"Survival Rate of Teeth with a C-shaped Canal after Intentional Replantation: A Study of 41 Cases for up to 11 Years","volume":"42","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"73","article-title":"Intra-alveolar transplantation of teeth with cervical root fractures","volume":"2","author":"Tegsjo","year":"1978","journal-title":"Swedsh Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1966.0125","article-title":"Intentional replantation of teeth","volume":"72","author":"Grossman","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1979.0402","article-title":"C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular molars","volume":"99","author":"Cooke","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(93)90073-D","article-title":"Intentional replantation of endodontically treated teeth","volume":"76","author":"Bender","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2001.017003114.x","article-title":"Clinical application of computer-aided rapid prototyping for tooth transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.08.021","article-title":"Guided Autotransplantation of Teeth: A Novel Method Using Virtually Planned 3-dimensional Templates","volume":"42","author":"Strbac","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.12.049","article-title":"Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Template-Guided Autotransplantation of Teeth With Custom Three-Dimensional Designed\/Printed Surgical Tooling: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"75","author":"Verweij","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.5.575","article-title":"Tooth Auto-Transplantation With Double Periodontal Ligament Stimulation to Replace Periodontally Compromised Teeth","volume":"73","author":"Gault","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00461-X","article-title":"A prospective study on transplantation of third molars with complete root formation","volume":"97","author":"Wannfors","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"e369","article-title":"Stabilization of autotransplanted teeth using thermoplastic retainers","volume":"16","author":"Sari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12228","article-title":"Outcomes of autotransplanted teeth with complete root formation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"44","article-title":"On intentional replantation","volume":"42","author":"Nosonowitz","year":"1972","journal-title":"N. Y. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1986.tb00124.x","article-title":"Replantation of teeth and antibiotic treatment","volume":"2","author":"Hammarstrom","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/12.1.25","article-title":"A long-term study of 370 autotransplanted premolars. Part III. Periodontal healing subsequent to transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Andreasen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12800","article-title":"A new system for classifying accessory canal morphology","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1998.tb00815.x","article-title":"Periodontal ligament vitality and histologic healing of teeth stored for extended periods before transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Hupp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"124","article-title":"Current aspects of restoring traumatically fractured teeth","volume":"6","author":"Krastl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Esthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.08.002","article-title":"Intentional replantation techniques: A critical review","volume":"44","author":"Becker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"71","article-title":"Indications and case series of intentional replantation of teeth","volume":"9","author":"Asgary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12051","article-title":"Adverse events of surgical extrusion in treatment for crown-root and cervical root fractures: A systematic review of case series\/reports","volume":"30","author":"Elkhadem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12398","article-title":"Splinting of teeth following trauma: A review and a new splinting recommendation","volume":"61","author":"Kahler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13456","article-title":"European Society of Endodontology position statement: Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation: European Society of Endodontology developed by: The phrase above to be added with the authors on a line below. See as an exam","volume":"54","author":"Plotino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00301.x","article-title":"Surgical extrusion of root-fractured teeth-a follow-up study of two surgical methods","volume":"4","author":"Kahnberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"165","article-title":"Intra-alveolar transplantation. I. A 10-year follow-up of a method for surgical extrusion of root fractured teeth","volume":"20","author":"Kahnberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Swed. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(82)80061-6","article-title":"Intraalveolar transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Kahnberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.1999.00199.x","article-title":"Surgical extrusion of crown-root-fractured teeth: A clinical review","volume":"32","author":"Calisskan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of forceps eruption: Reestablishing biologic width and restoring no restorable teeth","volume":"1","author":"Khayat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iran. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12438","article-title":"Periodontal status of anterior teeth following clinical crown lengthening by minimally traumatic controlled surgical extrusion","volume":"34","author":"Pham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.02.006","article-title":"Surgical extrusion with an atraumatic extraction system: A clinical study","volume":"120","author":"Krug","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.113281","article-title":"Three different surgical techniques of crown lengthening: A comparative study","volume":"5","author":"Nethravathy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.5395\/JKACD.2011.36.3.211","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a new extraction method for intentional replantation","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Korean Acad. Conserv. Dent."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12268","article-title":"Clinical outcome of intentional replantation with preoperative orthodontic extrusion: A retrospective study","volume":"47","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.03.022","article-title":"Minimally invasive vertical versus conventional tooth extraction: An interrupted time series study","volume":"149","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"Hayashi, H. (2006). Ortho-Transplantation, Seoul Narae Publ. Co."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/18\/9530\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:00:04Z","timestamp":1760166004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/18\/9530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18189530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18189530","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]}}}