{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:45:33Z","timestamp":1787028333822,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland","award":["00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims This study explores the prevalence of being a past-year affected other (AO) of a problem gambler by gender. The aims were to study the amount and type of gambling-related harms (GRHs) for subgroups of AOs and to distinguish GRH profiles for AO subgroups. Methods A total of 7186 adults aged 18 years and over participated in the Gambling Harms Survey evaluating year 2016. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results Of all respondents, 12.9% were defined as past-year AOs (women 13.7%; men 12.1%). The proportion of affected non-family members (ANFs) was 8.4%, and 5.6% were affected family members (AFMs). AFMs were usually women, and ANFs were usually men. Emotional, relationship, and financial harms were the most common types of harm. The odds of experiencing financial harm were highest for the 18- to 34-year-olds (OR 1.82) and for those whose partner\/ex-partner had a gambling problem (OR 3.91). Having a parent\/step-parent (OR 1.93) and child\/stepchild (OR 3.64) increased the odds of experiencing emotional harm, whereas male gender (OR 0.50) and being an ANF (OR 0.58) decreased emotional harm. Relationship harm was evident for partners\/ex-partners (OR 1.97\u20135.07). Conclusions GRH profiles for AO subgroups varied, which emphasizes the need for effective harm minimization strategies for those in need.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T21:45:57Z","timestamp":1631483157000},"page":"9564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Gambling-Related Harms for Affected Others: A Finnish Population-Based Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sari","family":"Castr\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Social Sciences Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00013 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Hagfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences (SOC), Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne H.","family":"Salonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langham, E., Thorne, H., Browne, M., Donaldson, P., Rose, J., and Rockloff, M. (2016). Understanding gambling related harm: A proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms. BMC Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Browne, M., Rawat, V., Tulloch, C., Murray-Boyle, C., and Rockloff, M. (2021). The Evolution of Gambling-Related Harm Measurement: Lessons from the Last Decade. Int. J. Environ. Res. 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