{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:23:05Z","timestamp":1778656985944,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GHA-G-00-09-00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHA-G-00-09-00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Setting: Tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in penitentiary sectors is one of the major barriers to ending TB in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Objectives and design: a comparative analysis of TB notification rates during 2014\u20132018 and of treatment outcomes in the civilian and penitentiary sectors in the WHO European Region, with an assessment of risks of developing TB among people experience incarceration. Results: in the WHO European Region, incident TB rates in inmates were 4\u201324 times higher than in the civilian population. In 12 eastern Europe and central Asia (EECA) countries, inmates compared to civilians had higher relative risks of developing TB (RR = 25) than in the rest of the region (RR = 11), with the highest rates reported in inmates in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, and Ukraine. The average annual change in TB notification rates between 2014 and 2018 was \u22127.0% in the civilian sector and \u221210.9% in the penitentiary sector. A total of 15 countries achieved treatment success rates of over 85% for new penitentiary sector TB patients, the target for the WHO European Region. In 10 countries, there were no significant differences in treatment outcomes between civilian and penitentiary sectors. Conclusion: 42 out of 53 (79%) WHO European Region countries reported TB data for the selected time periods. Most countries in the region achieved a substantial decline in TB burden in prisons, which indicates the effectiveness of recent interventions in correctional institutions. Nevertheless, people who experience incarceration remain an at-risk population for acquiring infection, developing active disease and unfavourable treatment outcomes. Therefore, TB prevention and care practices in inmates need to be improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1631269894000},"page":"9566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tuberculosis Notification Trends and Treatment Outcomes in Penitentiary and Civilian Health Care Sectors in the WHO European Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3080-8321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Dadu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3260-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ciobanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Primary Care Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u2018N. Testemitanu\u2019, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7904-9071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araksya","family":"Hovhannesyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natavan","family":"Alikhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Main Medical Department of the Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku AZ1000, Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Korotych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elmira","family":"Gurbanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Control of TB in Prisons, Baku AZ1000, Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Mehdiyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Main Medical Department of the Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku AZ1000, Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7687-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Doltu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Preventing and Eliminating Discrimination and Ensuring Equality, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ogtay","family":"Gozalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevim","family":"Ahmedov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Agency for International Development, Arlington, VA 22202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0025-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Dara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Europe\/European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2021). 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