{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:42:04Z","timestamp":1790404924878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UG3OD023271-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UG3OD023271-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4UH3OD023271-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4UH3OD023271-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children has steadily increased over time, yet it remains largely unknown how maternal factors during pregnancy are associated with child AD. Few studies have specifically assessed the relationship between prenatal stress and child AD, with inconsistent findings. In this prospective cohort study following 426 mother-child dyads from pregnancy to middle childhood, women reported stressful life events (SLEs) experienced during the 12 months before delivery and AD outcomes in children aged approximately 4\u20136 years, including current, location-specific, and ever AD. We used Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with a 1-unit increase in prenatal SLEs, adjusting for potential confounders. We also assessed whether the association between prenatal SLEs and child AD was modified by child sex, history of maternal atopy, or prenatal maternal resilient coping. The mean (standard deviation) of prenatal SLEs reported in the overall sample was 1.4 (1.6), with 37.1% of women reporting none. A 1-unit increase in prenatal SLEs was not significantly associated with current AD (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.31), location-specific AD (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.52), or ever AD (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.09). We did not find evidence of effect modification. Findings from this study suggest no association between prenatal SLEs and AD in middle childhood, although larger longitudinal studies with enhanced case definition and higher variability of SLE experience may more fully inform this question.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T04:50:28Z","timestamp":1631681428000},"page":"9696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maternal Stressful Life Events during Pregnancy and Atopic Dermatitis in Children Aged Approximately 4\u20136 Years"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Camilla C.","family":"Senter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine T.","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam A.","family":"Szpiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette L.","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kecia N.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaja Z.","family":"LeWinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Alex","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheela","family":"Sathyanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1208-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatobiloba A.","family":"Akingbade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4683-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Karr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.07.012","article-title":"The burden of atopic dermatitis: Summary of a report for the National Eczema Asso-ciation","volume":"137","author":"Drucker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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