{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T20:38:07Z","timestamp":1784234287586,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020\/222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liver disease, especially liver cancer, has become a threat facing the world. Now, antioxidant products are garnering great attention for the treatment and prevention of many diseases. S-Methyl methionine sulfonium chloride (MMSC) is a methionine derivative and is present in many vegetables and has anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidants. This is the first study aiming to investigate the antitumor activity of the MMSC. This study was carried out on 60 male Wistar albino rats (4\u20136 weeks old age) and divided into four groups, with the first group as normal control, second group as hepatocarcinoma induced by diethyl nitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride (DEN\/CCL4) group, third group as normal rats treated with MMSC, and fourth group as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced rats treated with MMSC. Our findings revealed that MMSC administration after HCC induction significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05) the liver function biomarkers, including AST, GGT, albumin, globulin, and albumin\/globulin ratio (A\/G), in comparison with those in the HCC group. Moreover, the histopathological changes of the liver tissue in the HCC group were improved by MMSC treatment. Likewise, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transforming growth factor (TGF-1\u03b2), and glypican 3 (GP3) were downregulated by MMSC treatment after HCC induction in comparison with those in the HCC-induced group. In conclusion, MMSC showed antitumor activity against HCC induction by DEN\/CCl4 through decreasing lipid peroxide formation, the expression level of an inflammatory cytokines such as (TNF-\u03b1), immunoregulatory cytokines such as (TGF-1\u03b2), induced nitric oxide synthase, and glypican 3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T12:00:44Z","timestamp":1631707244000},"page":"9726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antitumor and Antioxidant Activity of S-Methyl Methionine Sulfonium Chloride against Liver Cancer Induced in Wistar Albino Rats by Diethyl Nitrosamine and Carbon Tertrachloride"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tarek Kamal","family":"Abouzed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayez","family":"Althobaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesreen Adel","family":"Abdelkhlek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab Bedir","family":"Eldomany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasr Elsayed","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadry Mohamed","family":"Sadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir Ahmed","family":"El-Shazly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled A.","family":"Kahilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa Abdallha","family":"Dorghamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21387","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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