{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:53:12Z","timestamp":1785466392564,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["RTCC2019FH008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTCC2019FH008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Korean national five-day residential smoking cessation program and the factors affecting the long-term smoking cessation of participants. The residential smoking cessation program (2017\u20132018) recruited smokers with a smoking duration \u2265 20 years and who have attempted to quit smoking more than twice and\/or smokers with chronic morbidities. Participants underwent an intensive intervention, including individual psychological therapy, group therapy, medical counseling, and pharmacotherapy. The 6-month continuous abstinence rate (CAR) was assessed via self-reports, the urine cotinine levels, and\/or expired-air carbon monoxide levels. Logistic regression was used to analyze the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) to assess factors related to smoking cessation. Overall, 484 participants who completed the residential program and questionnaire were evaluated. The 3- and 6-month CAR were 81.82% and 63.22%, respectively. The aOR of 6-month continuous abstinence was lower among participants with severe nicotine dependence (aOR: 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26\u20130.81) and higher among participants with combination therapy of varenicline with short-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (aOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.07\u20132.51), with higher self-efficacy (aOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.15\u20133.37). The residential smoking cessation program was effective. High self-efficacy, combination therapy of varenicline with short-term NRT, and low nicotine dependence were associated with a high 6-month CAR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T08:04:23Z","timestamp":1632211463000},"page":"9901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness of National Residential Smoking Cessation Program"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1664-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Jeong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-1741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Gyun","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2112-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye-Mi","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1142-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Center, Division of Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Goyang 10408, Korea"},{"name":"National Cancer Center, National Cancer Control Institute, Goyang 10408, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Lull","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9573-8849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Jin","family":"Paek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa082","article-title":"Smoking Is Associated with COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Patanavanich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. 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