{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:50:07Z","timestamp":1789771807235,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Of the 2.5 million people who are incarcerated in the United States, over half are parents. While it is well-established that incarceration has a detrimental impact on the children of incarcerated parents, less is known regarding the psychological impact of incarceration on parents themselves. The present review summarizes existing literature on the impact of incarceration on parents retrieved via online databases. Published articles were classified according to their overall themes and summarized. Pertinent studies include the psychological and emotional consequences of incarceration on parents, the experience of parenting while incarcerated, including barriers to parenting, the utility of parenting program interventions during periods of incarceration, and how these results differ for mothers and fathers. While the existing evidence introduces these issues, there is a need for additional research on the impact of incarceration on parents. These areas for future research as well as clinical implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T08:04:23Z","timestamp":1632211463000},"page":"9927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Challenges Associated with Parenting While Incarcerated: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Dargis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8744-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arielle","family":"Mitchell-Somoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885519836996","article-title":"Parents in prison and their minor children: Comparisons between state and national estimates","volume":"99","author":"Shlafer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prison J."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Nutt, L.M., Deaton, D., and Hutchinson, T. 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