{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T10:23:54Z","timestamp":1769855034786,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIEHS R01 ES010960-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIEHS R01 ES010960-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016225","name":"Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIEHS 5 P30 ES07048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIEHS 5 P30 ES07048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acetaminophen is the most common over-the-counter pain and fever medication used by pregnant women. While European studies suggest acetaminophen exposure in pregnancy could affect childhood asthma development, findings are less consistent in other populations. We evaluated whether maternal prenatal acetaminophen use is associated with childhood asthmatic symptoms (asthma diagnosis, wheeze, dry cough) in a Los Angeles cohort of 1201 singleton births. We estimated risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for childhood asthmatic outcomes according to prenatal acetaminophen exposure. Effect modification by maternal race\/ethnicity and psychosocial stress during pregnancy was evaluated. The risks for asthma diagnosis (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.96, 2.00), wheezing (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.01, 1.54) and dry cough (RR =1.35, 95% CI 1.06, 1.73) were higher in children born to mothers who ever used acetaminophen during pregnancy compared with non-users. Black\/African American and Asian\/Pacific Islander children showed a greater than two-fold risk for asthma diagnosis and wheezing associated with the exposure. High maternal psychosocial stress also modified the exposure-outcome relationships. Acetaminophen exposure during pregnancy was associated with childhood asthmatic symptoms among vulnerable subgroups in this cohort. A larger study that assessed prenatal acetaminophen exposure with other social\/environmental stressors and clinically confirmed outcomes is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T04:55:33Z","timestamp":1632718533000},"page":"10107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Childhood Asthmatic Symptoms in a Population-Based Cohort in Los Angeles, California"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9424-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeyan","family":"Liew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6322-7550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ondine S.","family":"von Ehrenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie E. S.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Altamed, Pico Rivera, CA 90660, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.100","article-title":"Use of Over-the-Counter Medications during Pregnancy","volume":"193","author":"Werler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. 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