{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:15:15Z","timestamp":1771038915288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Athletic taping is widely used in sports to prevent injury. However, the effect of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) protective taping on neuromuscular control during dynamic tasks remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of ACL protective taping on landing mechanics and muscle activations during side hops in healthy individuals. Fifteen healthy individuals (11 males and 4 females; age, 23.1 \u00b1 1.4 years; height, 175.1 \u00b1 10.4 cm; weight, 66.3 \u00b1 11.2 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Landing mechanics and muscle activations were measured while each participant performed single-leg hops side-to-side for ten repetitions with and without taping. An optical motion capture system and two force plates were used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data during the side hops. Surface electromyogram recordings were performed using a wireless electromyography system. Paired t-tests were performed to determine the differences in landing mechanics and muscle activations between the two conditions (taping and non-taping). The level of significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Compared with the non-taping condition, participants landed with a smaller knee abduction angle, greater knee external rotation angle, and smaller knee extensor moment in the taping condition. Given that greater knee abduction, internal rotation, and knee extension moment are associated with a greater risk of ACL injury, our findings suggest that ACL protective taping can have an immediate effect on dynamic knee stability. Clinicians should consider using ACL protective taping to facilitate the use of favorable landing mechanics for ACL injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T04:55:33Z","timestamp":1632718533000},"page":"10110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immediate Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Protective Knee Taping on Knee Landing Mechanics and Muscle Activations during Side Hops"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0809-3152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Lun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, College of Sports and Recreation, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1842-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2368-448X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Wei","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5876-9275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunwook","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200301000-00001","article-title":"Jumping versus nonjumping anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A comparison of pathology","volume":"13","author":"Paul","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505279913","article-title":"Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, part I","volume":"33","author":"Beynnon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506286866","article-title":"Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries a review of the Hunt Valley II meeting, January 2005","volume":"34","author":"Griffin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591","article-title":"Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes a prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Hewett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503258928","article-title":"Aggressive quadriceps loading can induce noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"32","author":"DeMorat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505280906","article-title":"The relationship between quadriceps muscle force, knee flexion, and anterior cruciate ligament strain in an in vitro simulated jump landing","volume":"34","author":"Withrow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2005.35.5.292","article-title":"Gender comparison of hip muscle activity during single-leg landing","volume":"35","author":"Zazulak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00057-2","article-title":"The gastrocnemius muscle is an antagonist of the anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"19","author":"Fleming","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170605","article-title":"Hamstrings cocontraction reduces internal rotation, anterior translation, and anterior cruciate ligament load in weight-bearing flexion","volume":"17","author":"MacWilliams","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00047-6","article-title":"The effect of hamstring muscle compensation for anterior laxity in the ACL-deficient knee during gait","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"197","article-title":"Taping of sports injuries: Review of a basic skill: General principles, specifics for the ankle","volume":"21","author":"Birrer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"223","article-title":"Ankle ranges of motion during extended activity periods while taped and braced","volume":"30","author":"Paris","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"109","article-title":"Taping and semirigid bracing may not affect ankle functional range of motion","volume":"30","author":"Lindley","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.03.019","article-title":"A clinical study of the biomechanics of step descent using different treatment modalities for patellofemoral pain","volume":"34","author":"Selfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.07.009","article-title":"Effects of femoral rotational taping on pain, lower extremity kinematics, and muscle activation in female patients with patellofemoral pain","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200112000-00024","article-title":"Use of protective equipment in a cohort of rugby players","volume":"33","author":"Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sport Exer."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000409","article-title":"A biomechanical evaluation of taping and bracing in reducing knee joint translation and rotation","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2009.07.003","article-title":"The effect of patellar taping on joint reaction forces during squatting in subjects with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)","volume":"14","author":"Mostamand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Perrin, D. (1995). Athletic Taping and Bracing, Human Kinetics Publishers."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0045-6","article-title":"A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction","volume":"14","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.2461","article-title":"Correlation between hip function and knee kinematics evaluated by three-dimensional motion analysis during lateral and medial side-hopping","volume":"28","author":"Itoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31817f3e35","article-title":"The effects of neuromuscular training on knee joint motor control during sidecutting in female elite soccer and handball players","volume":"18","author":"Zebis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(03)00086-3","article-title":"Bracing and rehabilitation\u2014What\u2019s new","volume":"23","author":"Arnold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001545","article-title":"Immediate Effects of Sports Taping Applied on the Lead Knee of Low-and High-Handicapped Golfers During Golf Swing","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510373570","article-title":"Mechanisms for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries knee joint kinematics in 10 injury situations from female team handball and basketball","volume":"38","author":"Koga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.4.396","article-title":"Mechanisms of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"43","author":"Shimokochi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820f8395","article-title":"Valgus plus internal rotation moments increase anterior cruciate ligament strain more than either alone","volume":"43","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sport Exer."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506294077","article-title":"Kinematics and electromyography of landing preparation in vertical stop-jump: Risks for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"35","author":"Chappell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"23","article-title":"The Influence of Knee Taping on Sagittal Landing Mechanics during Side Hops in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Individuals","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Educ. J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/19\/10110\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:05:18Z","timestamp":1760166318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/19\/10110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph181910110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph181910110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]}}}