{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:49:51Z","timestamp":1790819391409,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There has been increasing evidence about mercury (Hg) contamination in traditional populations from the Amazon Basin due to illegal gold mining. The most concerning health impact is neurotoxicity caused by Hg in its organic form: methylmercury (MeHg). However, the severity and extent of the neurotoxic effects resulting from chronic environmental exposure to MeHg are still unclear. We conducted a clinical-epidemiological study to evaluate the neurological impacts of chronic MeHg exposure in Munduruku indigenous people, focusing on somatosensory, motor, and cognitive abnormalities. All participants were subjected to a systemized neurological exam protocol, including Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB), verbal fluency test, and Stick Design Test. After the examination, hair samples were collected to determine MeHg levels. Data collection took place between 29 October and 9 November 2019, in three villages (Sawr\u00e9 Muybu, Poxo Muybu, and Sawr\u00e9 Aboy) from Sawr\u00e9 Muybu Indigenous Land, Southwest of Par\u00e1 state. One hundred and ten individuals &gt;12 years old were included, 58 of which were men (52.7%), with an average age of 27.6 years (range from 12 to 72). Participants\u2019 median MeHg level was 7.4 \u00b5g\/g (average: 8.7; S.D: 4.5; range: 2.0\u201322.8). In Sawr\u00e9 Aboy village, the median MeHg level was higher (12.5 \u00b5g\/g) than in the others, showing a significant statistical exposure gradient (Kruskal\u2013Wallis test with p-value &lt; 0.001). Cerebellar ataxia was observed in two participants with MeHg levels of 11.68 and 15.68 \u00b5g\/g. Individuals with MeHg exposure level \u226510 \u00b5g\/g presented around two-fold higher chances of cognitive deficits (RP: 2.2; CI 95%: 1.13\u20134.26) in BCSB, and in the verbal fluency test (RP: 2.0; CI 95%: 1.18\u20133.35). Furthermore, adolescents of 12 to 19 years presented three-fold higher chances of verbal development deficits, according to the fluency test (RP: 3.2; CI 95%: 1.06\u20139.42), than individuals of 20 to 24 years. The worsened motor and cognitive functions are suggestive of neurotoxicity due to chronic MeHg exposure. In conclusion, we believe monitoring and follow-up measures are necessary for chronic mercury exposed vulnerable people, and a basic care protocol should be established for contaminated people in the Brazilian Unified Health System.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:03:42Z","timestamp":1632960222000},"page":"10270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Neurological Impacts of Chronic Methylmercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Adults: Somatosensory, Motor, and Cognitive Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio Adas Ayres de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Dor, Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Duarte","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Dor, Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Hojo","family":"Rebou\u00e7as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Dor, Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ciampi de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Dor, Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia Santiago de","family":"Vasconcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Profissional em Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Escola Polit\u00e9cnica de Sa\u00fade Joaquim Ven\u00e2ncio, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (EPSJV\/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0804-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Cesar","family":"Basta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP\/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2012.45.6.353","article-title":"Methylmercury exposure and health effects","volume":"45","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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