{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T15:17:04Z","timestamp":1767453424997,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Prevention Research Initiative (NPRI)","award":["G0802045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0802045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Active travel (AT) has gained increasing attention as a way of addressing low levels of physical activity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between income and AT. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics associated with undertaking AT in an adult population and by low- and high-income groups. Data collected from the Physical Activity and the Rejuvenation of Connswater (PARC) study in 2017 were used. Participants were categorised into socio-economic groups according to their weekly household income, and were categorised as participating in \u2018no\u2019 AT or \u2018some\u2019 AT and \u2018sufficient\u2019 AT. Multivariable logistic regression explored characteristics associated with AT in the full cohort, and the low- and high-income groups separately. Variables associated with AT in the low-income group were body mass index (BMI), physical activity self-efficacy, marital status, long term illness, difficulty walking and housing tenure. For the high-income group, BMI, marital status, housing tenure and education were associated with AT. For both income groups, there were consistent positive associations with the action\/maintenance phase of the stage of change model across all AT categories. The findings suggest that population sub-groups may benefit from targeted initiatives to support engagement in AT and prevent further widening of inequalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1633085740000},"page":"10360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Individual Characteristics Associated with Active Travel in Low and High Income Groups in the UK"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0742-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma R.","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7315-0382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth F.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1720-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepti","family":"Adlakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"},{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Natural Learning Initiative, College of Design, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27605, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Kee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-4014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Tully","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61031-9","article-title":"Impact of Physical Inactivity on the World\u2019s Major Non-Communicable Diseases","volume":"380","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr033","article-title":"The economic burden of ill health due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and obesity in the UK: An update to 2006-07 NHS costs","volume":"33","author":"Scarborough","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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