{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:17:55Z","timestamp":1777605475963,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Psychiatric disorders in children exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES) are still debated. We report here the impact of DES prescribed to suppress lactation on the children born after such treatment and their progeny, focusing particularly on psychiatric disorders. Case presentation: We report here an informative family in which one or more psychiatric problems (e.g., bipolarity, suicide attempts and suicide, eating disorders) were detected in all children of second-generation (DES-exposed children; n = 9), but for II-2 who died at the age of 26 years due to rupture of a congenital brain aneurysm, and were associated with non-psychiatric disorders (particularly, endometriosis and hypospadias). In the third generation, 10 out of 19 DES-exposed grandchildren had psychiatric disorders (autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, dyspraxia and learning disabilities, mood and behavioral disorders, and eating disorders), often associated with comorbidities. In the fourth generation (7 DES-exposed great-grandchildren, aged between 0 and 18 years), one child had dyspraxia and autism spectrum disorder. The first daughter of the second generation (not exposed to DES) and her children and grandchildren did not have any psychiatric symptoms or comorbidities. Conclusions: To our knowledge, the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders of various severities in two, and likely three generations, including DES-free pregnancies and DES-exposed pregnancies from the same family, has never been reported. This work strengthens the hypothesis that in utero exposure to DES contributes to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. It also highlights a multigenerational, and possibly transgenerational, effect of DES in neurodevelopment and psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18199965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T09:59:15Z","timestamp":1632391155000},"page":"9965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prenatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol and Multigenerational Psychiatric Disorders: An Informative Family"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Odile","family":"Soyer-Gobillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arago Laboratory, CNRS, University Sorbonne, 75016 Paris, France"},{"name":"Association HHORAGES-France, 95270 Asni\u00e8res-sur-Oise, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8172-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gaspari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Endocrinologie-Gyn\u00e9cologie P\u00e9diatrique, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Constitutif Sud, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies Rares du D\u00e9veloppement G\u00e9nital, H\u00f4pital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"INSERM 1203, D\u00e9veloppement Embryonnaire Fertilit\u00e9 Environnement, University Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Endocrinologie-Gyn\u00e9cologie P\u00e9diatrique, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Constitutif Sud, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies Rares du D\u00e9veloppement G\u00e9nital, H\u00f4pital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"INSERM 1203, D\u00e9veloppement Embryonnaire Fertilit\u00e9 Environnement, University Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Kalfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Constitutif Sud, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies Rares du D\u00e9veloppement G\u00e9nital, H\u00f4pital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Chirurgie Visc\u00e9rale et Urologique P\u00e9diatrique, H\u00f4pital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Institut Debrest de Sant\u00e9 Publique IDESP, UMR INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Hamamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM 1203, D\u00e9veloppement Embryonnaire Fertilit\u00e9 Environnement, University Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Biologie de la Reproduction\/DPI et CECOS, D\u00e9partement de Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6519-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Courtet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Urgence et Post Urgence Psychiatrique, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Endocrinologie-Gyn\u00e9cologie P\u00e9diatrique, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(51)91034-4","article-title":"Suppression of lactation with stilbestrol","volume":"62","author":"Morton","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am. 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