{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T14:30:47Z","timestamp":1770647447852,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.","award":["2016IL0198-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016IL0198-1"]}]},{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HR21C0198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR21C0198"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to describe the experience with clitoroplasty for clitoral hypertrophy in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia of a single surgeon. The medical records of female pediatric patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia who underwent clitoroplasty at a tertiary referral hospital between 2002 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Three different surgical techniques were applied for clitoroplasty: recession without reduction, reduction and recession, and girth reduction and recession. A total of 104 patients underwent clitoroplasty for clitoral hypertrophy. The median patient age at the time of surgery was 10 months (range, 4 months to 10 years). The operation time was longer in reduction clitoroplasty than in recession clitoroplasty without reduction (median, 153 vs. 111 min, p = 0.003). The mean postoperative pain score of the patients did not differ among the different clitoroplasty techniques. During the mean follow-up of 37.7 months, nine (8.6%) patients underwent reperformed clitoroplasty. The rate of reperformed operation was significantly higher in patients who underwent reduction clitoroplasty (17.3%) than in those who underwent recession without reduction (2%) or girth reduction and recession (0%) (p = 0.031). Early clitoroplasty in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia yielded good mid-term surgical outcomes in terms of cosmesis and recurrence rate, with minimal perioperative complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:06:16Z","timestamp":1635113176000},"page":"11152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Surgical Outcomes of Clitoroplasty in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Clitoral Hypertrophy: A 19-Year Experience of a Single Surgeon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jaebeom","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4888-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hoon","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungchan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyeon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66736-0","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"365","author":"Merke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00125","article-title":"Treatment of the Enlarged Clitoris","volume":"5","author":"Kaefer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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