{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:22:37Z","timestamp":1788434557723,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC), yet little data exist examining drinking patterns and HNC risk. In this population-based, retrospective cohort study, 11,737,467 subjects were recruited from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The risks of overall HNC and HNC subtypes according to average alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, and daily amount were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Over the median follow-up of 6.4 years, 15,832 HNC cases were identified. HNC risk linearly increased with drinking frequency (p-trend &lt; 0.01; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45\u20131.67 in subjects who drank 7 days\/week). HNC risk also increased according to daily amount of alcohol consumption (p-trend &lt; 0.01), but plateaued from 5\u20137 units\/occasion (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19\u20131.31) to &gt;14 units\/occasion (aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.40). When stratified by average alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, but not daily amount, showed a linear relationship with HNC risk in moderate and heavy drinkers. When comparing the HNC subtypes, similar tendencies were observed in cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, but not in the salivary gland. In conclusion, drinking frequency is a stronger risk factor for HNC, especially for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, than the daily amount of alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T21:40:21Z","timestamp":1635198021000},"page":"11204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Alcohol Drinking Pattern and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Yeon","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Wook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine\/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Eun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 06236, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung C&T Medical Clinic, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 05288, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keun Hye","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, Gumi 39295, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangduk","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1647-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Kwan","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ferlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Colombet, M., Mery, L., Pi\u00f1eros, M., Znaor, A., Soerjomataram, I., and Bray, F. 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