{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:30:03Z","timestamp":1760236203424,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed at assessing the consequences of prolonged exposure to COVID-19 distress on mental health in non-frontline health care workers. For this purpose, we have conducted a survey on 425 Italian dermatologists, in the period February\u2013March 2021. The psychopathological symptoms, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD), as well as resilience, have been evaluated. The main factors that influence the physician\u2019s psychological health have been also investigated. Our study showed that the physicians older than 40 years, as well as those who lived this period in company, reported more personal resources, better managing the distress. Resilience, COVID-19 beliefs, COVID-19 working difficulties, and age were the common predictors of the severe psychopathological symptoms. An interesting result is that the lower level of resilience was the most powerful predictor of a more severe depression, as well as of a higher severity of generalized anxiety disorder, but not of COVID-19 PTSD. The fear of COVID-19 was the most powerful predictor of COVID-19 PTSD. Home conditions and previous SARS-CoV2 infection constituted significant predictors of severe depressive symptoms, but not of anxiety and COVID-19 PTSD. These results are useful in a better understanding of protective and risk factors involved in COVID-19 long-term distress exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T23:49:52Z","timestamp":1635292192000},"page":"11239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Long-Term Exposure in Italian Dermatologists"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ciuluvica (Neagu)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1640-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Gualdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Dal Canton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatory of Medical and Surgical Dermatology Belluno, 32100 Belluno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Fantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hospital \u201cA. Manzoni\u201d, 23100 Lecco, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Paradisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, General Hospital \u201cCristo Re\u201d, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Sbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, General Hospital \u201cBelcolle\u201d, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Simonacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Dusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Marco","family":"Vezzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDon Bosco\u201d Medical Center, 55049 Viareggio, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"D\u2019Acunto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Burn Center and Dermatology, \u201cM. Bufalini\u201d Hospital, 47100 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatological Diseases, ASST \u201cSette Laghi\u201d, Hospital of \u201cCircolo\u201d, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malvina","family":"Zanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatory of Medical and Surgical Dermatology Venice, 30100 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zucchi","family":"Alfredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8234-9964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Eisendle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Dermatology, Central Hospital of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5997-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Prignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1589-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Amerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.011","article-title":"The enemy who sealed the world: Effects quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality, anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian population","volume":"75","author":"Casagrande","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112934","article-title":"The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college stu-dents in China","volume":"20","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 epidemic in Chi-na: A web-based cross-sectional survey","volume":"288","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, L., Sun, Z., Wu, L., Zhu, Z., Zhang, F., Shang, Z., Jia, Y., Gu, J., Zhou, Y., and Wang, Y. 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