{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:38:46Z","timestamp":1765888726814,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although direct contact is considered the main mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, environmental factors play an important role. In this study, we evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on bus and train surfaces. From the buses, we took samples from the following areas: handrails used to enter or exit the bus, stop request buttons and handles next to the seats. From the trains, the sampled surfaces were handrails used to enter or exit the train, door open\/close buttons, handles next to the seats, tables and toilet handles. SARS-CoV-2 was detected on 10.7% of the tested surfaces overall, 19.3% of bus surfaces and 2% of train surfaces (p &lt; 0.0001). On the buses, the most contaminated surfaces were the handles near the seats (12.8%), followed by door open\/close buttons (12.5%) and handrails (10.5%). Of the five analyzed transport companies, bus companies were the most contaminated, in particular, companies C (40%) and B (23.3%). A greater number of positive samples were found among those taken at 10:00 a.m. and 10:55 a.m. (45% and 40%, respectively). The presence of the virus on many bus surfaces highlights how the sanitation systems on public transport currently in use are not sufficient to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:21:34Z","timestamp":1635805294000},"page":"11415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 and Public Transport in Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-9147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Caggiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Apollonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Triggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Diella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Stefanizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lopuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"D\u2019Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Bartolomeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Barbuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Trifone","family":"Sorrenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Health Unit BT, Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pantaleo","family":"Magarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Health Unit BT, Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico Pio","family":"Sorrenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Health Unit BT, Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Marcotrigiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Health Unit BT, Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0297-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvalda","family":"De Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Montagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa422","article-title":"Population Movement, City Closure in Wuhan and Geographical Expansion of the 2019-nCoV Pneumonia Infection in China in January","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. 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