{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:02:14Z","timestamp":1774573334320,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Indoor air quality (IAQ) can greatly affect health in people spending much time indoors. However, the influence of IAQ on personal exposure to chemical compounds in Japan remains poorly investigated. Hence, this study aimed to clarify this influence thoroughly within one apartment. We surveyed the concentrations of 61 chemical compounds in the air in nine different spaces within an apartment unit, as well as the personal exposure of two residents in Japan. Using three kinds of diffusive samplers, this study was conducted continuously for 7 days in summer and winter. Health risks were evaluated by calculating the margin of exposure (MOE) using the measured concentrations. Some chemical concentrations showed large spatial variations and the personal exposure concentrations of these compounds also differed among residents. According to the calculated MOE, the chemicals with the highest health risk were acrolein, p-dichlorobenzene, and acetaldehyde in summer and acrolein, nitrogen dioxide, formic acid, p-dichlorobenzene, and benzene in winter. The IAQ of the house could be divided in two, and the IAQ in the space where residents spent much time (i.e., bedroom) highly affected each of the residents\u2019 exposure. Investigating chemical concentrations in multiple spaces (including bedroom and living room) is necessary to understand the effect of IAQ on personal exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:21:34Z","timestamp":1635805294000},"page":"11511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Spatial Variations of Indoor Air Chemicals in an Apartment Unit and Personal Exposure of Residents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hironari","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9312-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehisa","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-1227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Isobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6516-8379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Kunugita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9505-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hironao","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7772-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji F.","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500244","article-title":"It\u2019s about time: A comparison of Canadian and American time\u2013activity patterns","volume":"12","author":"Leech","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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