{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:21:55Z","timestamp":1762161715336,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009471","name":"Dam Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/FO283369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/FO283369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004590","name":"Central Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90562300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90562300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Symptoms of ADHD are strongly associated with alcohol use disorders, and mental health symptoms attenuate this relationship. There is limited knowledge about how specific symptoms of inattentiveness and hyperactivity\/impulsivity can explain this association. We aimed to identify self-reported executive cognitive functioning and mental health and variables that may help identify subjects with an elevated risk of alcohol dependence in the general population. Data included 3917 subjects between 19 and 30 years old in the 4th Tr\u00f8ndelag Health Study. The Adult ADHD Self report Scale\u2014Screener, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and demographic variables were used as input variables. The alcohol screening instrument CAGE was used as the response variable for binary alcohol dependence risk. We used logistic regression and automated model selection to arrive at our final model that identified sex, age, inattentiveness, hyperactivity\/impulsivity symptoms, and anxiety as predictors of having a CAGE score \u22652, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.692. A balanced accuracy approach indicated an optimal cut-off of 0.153 with sensitivity 0.55 and specificity 0.74. Despite attrition in the data, our findings may be important in the assessment of individual risk for alcohol dependency and when developing algorithms for risk triage in public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T09:11:32Z","timestamp":1636017092000},"page":"11601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["ADHD and Mental Health Symptoms in the Identification of Young Adults with Increased Risk of Alcohol Dependency in the General Population\u2014The HUNT4 Population Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2484-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders Dahlen Forsmo","family":"Lauvsnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Outpatient Department, NKS Kvamsgrindkollektivet AS, 7036 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5714-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette","family":"Langaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Computing Center, SAMBA, 0373 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2397-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmin","family":"Vassileva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7902-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olav","family":"Spigset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf W.","family":"Gr\u00e5we","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0093","article-title":"The incentive sensitization theory of addiction: Some current issues","volume":"363","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos. 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