{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:49:35Z","timestamp":1774068575119,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010001","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1EMC27863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1EMC27863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a rare blood disorder that can have life-threatening complications. This presents a challenge for school nurses who may have had limited experience managing complications in the school setting. This study assessed the experience, self-reported knowledge, confidence and ability of school nurses in managing SCD in the school-setting and identified continuing educational needs and preferences. This study used a qualitative, descriptive approach. A survey was previously administered to over 400 school nurses who worked in K-12 schools in Ohio. Those participants who reported experience with managing SCD were invited to participate in a focus group or semi-structured interview. Data were interpreted using thematic analysis strategy. Four overarching themes emerged from the data: (1) perceived lack of support and resources, (2) self-reported lack of knowledge about SCD, (3) importance of partnerships with parents, and (4) need for continuing education and networking with other school nurses. Easily accessible, educational interventions, along with peer networking, can be designed to improve school nurse knowledge and confidence levels in managing SCD. These types of on-demand interventions are important as many school nurses reported infrequent exposure to students with SCD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T10:33:09Z","timestamp":1636108389000},"page":"11641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Educational Needs of School Nurses Regarding the Evidence-Based Management of Sickle Cell Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9860-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa M","family":"Shook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cami","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina Bennett","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Nursing and Early Childhood Health Programs, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl L","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sickle Cell Services Program, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12646","article-title":"School professionals\u2019 knowledge and beliefs about youth with chronic illness","volume":"88","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2013.09.001","article-title":"Management of sickle cell disease from childhood through adulthood","volume":"27","author":"Kanter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.12.022","article-title":"Population estimates of sickle cell disease in the U.S","volume":"38","author":"Hassell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.09.006","article-title":"Sickle cell disease in childhood: From newborn screening through transition to adult medical care","volume":"60","author":"Quinn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2011.00582.x","article-title":"The possible impact of teachers and school nurses on the lives of children living with sickle cell disease","volume":"81","author":"Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Krippendorf, K. (2013). Content Analysis. An Introduction to Its Methodology, Sage Publications. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000331","article-title":"Primary care providers\u2019 comfort levels in caring patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"108","author":"Whiteman","year":"2015","journal-title":"South Med. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.11.004","article-title":"Improving emergency providers\u2019 attitudes toward sickle cell patients in pain","volume":"51","author":"Puri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840508319929","article-title":"School nurse case management for children with chronic illness: Health, academic and quality of life outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Engelke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sch. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33616","DOI":"10.3402\/meo.v21.33616","article-title":"Translating sickle cell guidelines into practice for primary care providers with Project ECHO","volume":"21","author":"Shook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Educ. 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