{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:32:47Z","timestamp":1760236367425,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01CE002885-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01CE002885-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This cross-sectional study assessed concussion symptom knowledge of parents of middle school (MS) children (aged 10\u201315 years) through a free-response item that solicited concussion symptoms and compared findings to a pre-validated scale-based measure. A self-administered online questionnaire was sent to a panel of randomly selected United States residents who were recruited by a third-party company, aged \u2265 18 years, and identified as parents of MS children. Via a free-response item, parents listed what they believed were concussion symptoms. Multiple sections later, parents identified potential concussion symptoms via a scale measure, which featured 25 items (22 actual symptoms, three distractor symptoms) with three response options: yes, no, maybe. Free-response item responses were coded into specific symptoms. The 1062 eligible parents that provided complete data commonly identified the symptoms of dizziness (90.2%), blurred vision (87.4%), and balance problems (86.4%) on the scale-based measure. However, these and other symptoms were less commonly identified via the free-response item (dizziness: 44.4%; blurred vision: 16.5%; balance problems: 3.5%). Concussion symptoms commonly reported via the scale-based measure were reported less frequently within the free-response item. Future research must explore strategies to help clinicians working with parents and their children to measure and assess concussion symptom reporting and knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182212070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T09:16:11Z","timestamp":1637140571000},"page":"12070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reporting of Concussion Symptoms by a Nationwide Survey of United States Parents of Middle School Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1423-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary Y.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany M.","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2714-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliza K.","family":"Nedimyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6653-1363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa K.","family":"Kossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Gildner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johna K.","family":"Register-Mihalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e550","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3101","article-title":"Emergency department visits for concussion in young child athletes","volume":"126","author":"Bakhos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20154635","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4635","article-title":"Sports-and recreation-related concussions in US youth","volume":"138","author":"Bryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.075","article-title":"Variations in mechanisms of injury for children with concussion","volume":"197","author":"Arbogast","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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